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【共通テスト英語キーワード820入門編】英語字幕をオンにしてシャドーイングしながら訳語を確認する訓練で確実に共通テストキーワードを習得できます。

(1)
accept  to agree同意する to do something 
that someone asks頼む you to do In *accepting受け入れる a formal正式な invitation招待 it 
is important to respond応答する appropriately適切に. accept受け入れる
ask頼む  formal正式な
invitation招待 respond応答する
appropriately適切に (2)
satisfy to provide提供する something that is needed  We cannot *satisfy満足させる consumer消費者 demand需要 
without importing輸入する goods商品 and services. satisfy満足させる
consumer消費者  demand需要
import輸入する goods商品 (3)
continent a large mass of land surrounded囲まれた by sea  In the 1930s, flights飛行 across the 
*continent大陸 were not common一般的な. continent大陸
surround囲む  flight飛行
common一般的な (4)
appointment  an arrangement手配 to meet with 
someone at a particular特定の time Did you call電話する the dentist歯科医 and make 
an *appointment予約 for the treatment治療? appointment予約
arrangement手配 particular特定の
call電話する  dentist歯科医
treatment治療 (5)
proud  feeling pleased喜んだ and satisfied満足した 
about something that you have done Graduating卒業する from university 
is a huge大きな accomplishment達成   and you should be *proud誇らしい of yourself. proud誇らしい
pleased喜んだ  satisfied満足した
graduate卒業する huge大きな
accomplishment達成 (6)
permit to allow許す someone to do something Children of six and under are 
not *permitted許可される to use the swimming pool unless～でなければ they are with an adult. permit許可する
allow許す unless～でなければ (7)
approach to come near to someone or something  There were two vehicles車両 on the 
road *approaching近づく the signal信号. approach近づく  vehicle車両
signal信号 (8)
expectation  the feeling that good things 
will happen in the future It’s quite hard for new companies会社 to ［live 
up to］応える customers’顧客の *expectations期待. expectation期待
company会社  live up to応える
customer顧客 (9)
harm  physical肉体的な damage損傷 or injury 傷害
caused起こされた by a person or an event We must ［keep in mind that］～を心に留める 
smoking does us more *harm害 than good. harm害
physical肉体的な damage損傷
injury 傷害  cause起こす
keep in mind that～を心に留める (10)
convenient  useful役に立つ or suitable適した 
for a particular特定の purpose目的 Traveling by private jet can be *convenient便利な 
providedもし～ならば you can affordする余裕がある to have one. convenient便利な  useful役に立つ
suitable適した particular特定の
purpose目的  providedもし～ならば
affordする余裕がある (11)
suggest  to tell your ideas for other 
people to consider 考慮する I *suggested提案した to Mary that she come with 
me to collect集める empty空の cans on the street. suggest提案する
consider 考慮する  collect集める
empty空の (12)
decorate  to make something more attractive魅力的な 
by putting things on it The museum which I visited was beautifully 
*decorated装飾された with antique furniture家具. decorate装飾する
attractive魅力的な  furniture家具 (13)
passenger  a person who is travelling in 
a vehicle車両, plane, boat etc, and who is not driving it or working on it When young *passengers乗客 see a woman flying 操縦する
their plane, they come to accept受け入れる female女性の pilots as a natural phenomenon現象. passenger乗客
vehicle車両 accept受け入れる
female女性の  phenomenon現象 (14)
payment  the act行為 of paying for something There are several tax税金 *payment支払い options選択肢,   whether you can pay in full ［right away］すぐに or 
you need more time to come up with the money. payment支払い  act行為
tax税金 option選択肢
right awayすぐに (15)
dependent needing someone or something in 
order to survive生き残る or succeed成功する  Japan’s industrialization工業化 has been heavily *dependent依存した on foreign sources源 of 
energyエネルギー and ［raw materials］原材料. dependent依存した
survive生き残る succeed成功する
industrialization工業化  source源
energyエネルギー raw material原材料 (16)
warn to tell someone about a possible起こり得る danger危険   or trouble, ［so that］～のように they 
can avoid避ける it or prevent防ぐ it The teacher let Tim go after *warning警告する 
him not to read comics in class. warn警告する
possible起こり得る  danger危険
so that～のように avoid避ける
prevent防ぐ (17)
check to find out whether something 
is in good condition状態  If your pain痛み in your throat喉 becomes 
worse, have it *checked調べさせる ［at once］すぐに. check調べる
condition状態  pain痛み
throat喉 at onceすぐに (18)
proposal a plan or suggestion提案 which is made 
formally正式に for people to think about The mayor市長 ［turned down］却下したthe 
*proposal提案 by the committee委員会 member. proposal提案
suggestion提案 formally正式に
mayor市長  turn down却下する
committee委員会 (19)
method  a particular特定の way方法 of doing something There is no reliable信頼できる 
*method方法 of accurately正確に   predicting予測する the time and 
place of an earthquake地震. method方法
way方法  reliable信頼できる
accurately正確に predict予測する
earthquake地震 (20)
dramatic very noticeable目立った and surprising ［Climate change］気候変動 and environmental環境の damage are two of the most *dramatic劇的な 
challenges課題 facing直面する the world today. dramatic劇的な  climate change気候変動
environmental環境の challenge課題
face直面する (21)
provide to give something to someone or 
make it available利用できる to them  Our company会社 *provides提供する our customers顧客 
with clothing at reasonable手頃な prices. provide提供する
available利用できる  company会社
customer顧客 reasonable手頃な (22)
admire to have a feeling of great respect尊敬 for someone Helen Keller, *admired称賛される for her 
work ［on behalf of］…のためのpeople with disabilities障害, visited Japan three times. admire称賛する
respect尊敬 on behalf of …のための
disability障害 (23)
destination the place that someone is going to ［Thanks to］…のおかげでthe good weather天気,   we arrived at our *destination目的地 
an hour ［ahead of schedule］予定より早く. destination目的地
thanks to…のおかげで  weather天気
ahead of schedule予定より早く (24)
expert  someone who has a particular特定の skill技能 
or who knows a lot about something In the past, the old used to 
be looked upon as *experts専門家   in solving解決する variousさまざまな problems in life. expert専門家
particular特定の  skill技能
solve解決する variousさまざまな (25)
expensive costingかかる a lot of money Making energy-saving changes in 
the home can be *expensive高価な, but it will save節約する your 
money ［in the long run］長期的には. expensive高価な
costかかる save節約する
in the long run長期的には (26)
participate to take part in something  The most important thing in the Olympics 
is not to win but to *participate参加する. participate参加する (27)
compare to examine調べる how things or people 
are similar類似した or different  *Compared比較される with the same period期間 last year, industrial工業の production生産 
rose by one percent this year. compare比較する
examine調べる similar類似した
period期間  industrial工業の
production生産 (28)
reason  a cause原因 or an explanation説明 for why 
something happens or why someone does something The *reason理由 I ［get along well with］…と仲がいい my   best friend is that we have 
many things ［in common］共通の. reason理由
cause原因  explanation説明
get along well with …と仲がいい
in common共通の (29)
border the official公式の line that separates分ける 
two countries or regions地域  The Rio Grande is the river that forms形成する a natural *border国境 between 
the United States and Mexico. border国境 official公式の
separate分ける  region地域
form形成する (30)
responsible  having a duty義務 of ［dealing with］対処する or 
［looking after］面倒を見る someone or something He is *responsible責任がある for 
preparing準備する the report. responsible責任がある duty義務
deal with対処する  look after面倒を見る
prepare準備する (31)
force  to make someone do something 
they do not want to do Because he came down with the flu, he was 
*forced強いられた to stay at home for a week. force強いる (32)
lend to allow許す someone to use something that 
belongs属する to you for ［a period of time］一定期間 I don’t think my father is willing to *lend貸す us 
the car, but I’ll see if I can talk him into it. lend貸す
allow許す  belong属する
a period of time一定期間 (33)
attention  the act行為 of carefully注意深く thinking about, 
listening to, or watching someone or something When you ［try on］試着する shoes, pay 
*attention注意 not only to their   length長さ but also to their depth深さ and width幅. attention注意
act行為  carefully注意深く
try on試着する (34)
performance  an activity活動 that a person or group 
does to entertain楽しませる an audience観衆 I’m ［looking forward to］…を楽しみにする your 
dance *performance演技 tomorrow night. performance演技
activity活動 entertain楽しませる
audience観衆  look forward to …を楽しみにする (35)
similar  sharing共有する some features特徴 
but not exactlyまったく the same The microscope顕微鏡 was developed開発された using 
principles原理 *similar類似した to the telescope望遠鏡. similar類似した
share共有する  feature特徴
exactlyまったく microscope顕微鏡
develop開発する  principle原理
telescope望遠鏡 (36)
order  to ask for goods商品 or services 
to be supplied供給される to you The package荷物 arrived late and, 
［to make matters worse］さらに悪いことに,   it wasn’t what we had *ordered注文した. order注文する
goods商品  supply供給する
package荷物 to make matters worseさらに悪いことに (37)
trust to believe that someone is good, 
sincere誠実な, honest正直な, etc. No matter how many friends you have, 
your problems can’t be solved解決される   unless~でなければ you have someone you can *trust信頼する. trust信頼する
sincere誠実な  honest正直な
solve解決する unless~でなければ (38)
theater a building with a stage舞台 where 
plays劇 and shows ［take place］行われる  No child under the age of sixteen will 
be admitted入場する to the *theater劇場. theater劇場
take place行われる (39)
survey an investigation調査 of people’s opinions or 
behavior行動 done by asking people questions The researchers研究者 ［carried out］行った a 
*survey調査 intended意図された to measure測定する   the number of calories children 
get from regular meals each day. survey調査  investigation調査
behavior行動 researcher研究者
carry out行なう  intend意図する
measure測定する (40)  complete
including含んでいる all the parts To make it easier for the fish 
to adjust適応する to new water,   partial部分的な water changes are much 
better than *complete完全な water changes. complete完全な
include含む  adjust適応する
partial部分的な (41)
display  to put置く something in a particular 
place where people can see it easilyたやすく He is an artist whose paintings are 
*displayed展示される in a museum in Paris. display展示する
easilyたやすく (42)
raise to increase増やす the amount量 or level of something  Dad, if my grades成績 improve良くなる by the end of the 
term学期, would you mind *raising上げる my allowance? raise上げる
increase増やす  amount量
grade成績 improve良くなる
term学期 (43)
atmosphere the general一般的な impression印象 that 
you have in a particular place  Many cafes try to create作り出す 
a relaxing *atmosphere雰囲気 ［so that］～のように customers顧客 can enjoy their tea break. atmosphere雰囲気 general一般的な
impression印象  create作り出す
so that ～のように (44)
neighbor  a person who lives near you I saw a cat sneaking忍び込む into 
my *neighbor’s近所の人の yard. neighbor近所の人 (45)
absent  not present存在する at a usual or expected予想される place In my school, when a regular正規の 
teacher is *absent欠席の,   another teacher teaches the class instead代わりに. absent欠席の  present存在する
expect予想する regular正規の
instead代わりに (46)
appeal to be liked or wanted by someone Benjamin Day is remembered as 
a revolutionary革命的な figure人物 who showed that newspapers could 
*appeal魅力を持つ to a mass audience. appeal魅力を持つ
revolutionary革命的な figure人物 (47)
explain to tell someone about something in a 
way that helps them understand it better  The engineer *explained説明した how to 
operate操作する the sophisticated洗練された system. explain説明する
operate操作する  sophisticated洗練された (48)
pressure  difficult situations that make you feel worried不安な We’ve been working under so much *pressure圧力 
lately in our office that we all need a holiday. pressure圧力
worried不安な (49)
purchase the act行為 of buying something  Products製品 can be exchanged交換する ［up 
to］最大 two months after *purchase購入. purchase購入
act行為  product製品
exchange交換する up to最大 (50)  obvious
easy to notice気づく or understand From the look様子 on his face, it was *obvious明らかな 
that he did not get much sleep last night. obvious明らかな
notice気づく (51)
celebrate to do something special or enjoyable楽しい to 
show that an occasion機会 or event is important A tree is a unique gift to 
*celebrate祝う an important   day ［such as］…のような your wedding anniversary記念日. celebrate祝う
occasion機会  such as …のような
anniversary記念日 (52)
repair  to put something that is broken or not 
working properly適切に back into good condition Elevator mechanics are responsible責任がある for   *repairing修理する elevators when 
they are ［out of order］故障した. repair修理する
properly適切に  responsible責任がある
out of order故障した (53)
permission  the right権利 to do something that 
is given by someone in authority権限 We ［made sure］確認した that the gate was 
locked施錠された［so that］～のようにno one could   come into the factory工場 without *permission許可. permission許可  right権利
authority権限 make sure確認する
lock施錠する  so that ～のように
factory工場 (54)
forecast  a description描写 of what is 
expected予想される to happen in the future During a weather *forecast予報 on television,   you can see images of cloud patterns 
over Japan from the satellite衛星. forecast予報
description描写  expect予想する
satellite衛星 (55)
tight  fitting合う closelyぴったりと to your body Research研究 suggests示唆する that *tightきつい clothing 
can cause起こす all sorts of health problems. tightきつい
fit合う  research研究
suggest示唆する cause起こす (56)
earn to get money ［in return 
for］…と引き換えにwork that you do  Workers with college degrees学位 *earn稼ぐ 
significantly大幅に more than those without. earn稼ぐ
in return for …と引き換えに  degree学位
significantly大幅に (57)
avoid  to ［take action］行動を起こす to prevent防ぐ 
something bad from happening We should *avoid避ける unexpected予期せぬ 
encounter遭遇 with a wild creature生物 in forest. avoid避ける
take action 行動を起こす  prevent防ぐ
unexpected予期せぬ encounter遭遇
creature生物 (58)
medicine a substance物質 that you take to 
cure治療する an illness or injury  It is very important for you to keep all 
*medicines薬 out of the reach of children. medicine薬
substance物質  cure治療する (59)
lack  the state状態 of not having something 
or not having enough of something They have to ［make up for］補う their 
*lack欠如 of experience経験 with hard work. lack欠如
state状態 make up for補う
experience経験 (60)
popular enjoyed or liked by a lot of people  Small cars are becoming more *popular人気のある 
these days, since~なので they are economical経済的な. popular人気のある  since ~なので
economical経済的な (61)
imagine  to form形作る a picture of something in your mind In an increasinglyますます connectedつながった world,   many people can’t *imagine想像する 
life without the Internet. imagine想像する
form形作る  increasinglyますます
connectつなぐ (62)
notice  to become aware気づいた of someone or something Have you ever *noticed気づく the different   approachesやり方 people use to 
［deal with］対処する problems? notice気づく
aware気づいた  approachやり方
deal with 対処する (63)
production  the process過程 of making or growing 
something for sale in large quantities量 ［Because of］…のためseasonable季節的な 
*production生産 patterns,   the majority大部分 of Mexico’s oranges arrive 
in the US market from December through June. production生産  process過程
quantity量 because of …のため
majority大部分 (64)
construction the process過程 of building something ［such 
as］…のような houses, bridges, roads etc. The *construction建設 of the new 
building is ［under way］進行中. construction建設 process過程
under way 進行中 (65)
capable having the ability能力 to do something ［According to］…によれば the newspaper,   even a teenager is *capableできる of 
sailing a yacht around the world alone. capableできる
ability能力  according to …によれば (66)
shake  to move something quickly素早く We nodうなずく our heads up-and-down for “yes” 
and *shake振る them left-and-right for “no”. shake振る  quickly素早く
nodうなずく (67)
treat  to deal with someone or 
something in a particular特定の way I am extremely非常に fond of animals, and I can’t 
stand我慢する anyone *treating扱う them with cruelty残酷性. treat扱う
extremely非常に  stand我慢する
cruelty残酷性 (68)
neighborhood  the area of a town that surrounds囲む your home The leaves in my *neighborhood近所 
have recently turned yellow. neighborhood近所
surround囲む (69)
evidence  the facts or objects物 which causeさせる you to 
believe that something exists存在する or is true There is *evidence証拠 that TV leads導く people to 
accept受け入れる more violence暴力 in everyday life. evidence証拠  object物
causeさせる exist存在する
lead導く  accept受け入れる
violence暴力 (70)
artificial  created作られた by human beings 
to copy模倣する something natural The restaurant was decorated装飾された 
with *artificial人工の flowers. artificial人工の
create作る copy模倣する
decorate装飾する (71)
regard to think about someone or 
something in a particular way  People, ［depending on］…によって their culture, 
may *regardみなす being on time differently. regardみなす
depending on …によって (72)
indicate to ［point out］指摘する that a 
particular situation状況 exists存在する  Many ［electrical goods］電化製品 have a small 
light to *indicate示す that the power電源 is on. indicate示す
point out 指摘する  situation状況
exist存在する (73)
statement  something that you say or 
write in a formal正式な wayやり方 The following以下 is the full text全文 
of the U.S.-North Korea joint共同の   *statement声明 released発表された by the White House. statement声明
formal正式な  following以下
release発表する (74)
reaction  the wayあり方 you act行動する or feel 
［in response to］…に応じて something For Kant, an 18th century philosopher哲学者,   laughter was a *reaction反応 to a 
sudden, unexpected予期せぬ change. reaction反応
act行動する  in response to …に応じて
philosopher哲学者 unexpected予期せぬ (75)
regular happening at times that are 
equally等しく separated分けられた  ［In addition to］…に加えて taking the *regular定期的な 
tests, we have to ［hand in］提出する a long essay. regular定期的な  equally等しく
separate分ける in addition to …に加えて
hand in 提出する (76)
practice  to do something repeatedly繰り返して 
to improve向上させる your skill技能 The more we *practice練習する for the concert, 
the better our performance will be. practice練習する
repeatedly繰り返して  improve向上させる
skill技能 (77)
freeze  to becomes solid固体 because of a low temperature温度 Substances物質 *freeze凍る at exactly全く 
the same temperature温度 as they melt溶ける. freeze凍る
solid固体  temperature温度
substance物質 melt溶ける (78)
custom an accepted受け入れられた way of behaving振る舞う 
in a particular group or place  Do you think it is necessary必要な to 
observe守る the traditional伝統的な *customs慣習? custom慣習
accept受け入れる  behave振る舞う
necessary必要な observe守る
traditional伝統的な (79)
outcome the final result of an action行為 or event出来事  The teacher told us to predict予測する 
the *outcome結果 of the experiment実験. outcome結果  action行為
event出来事 predict予測する
experiment実験 (80)
tiny extremely非常に small The houses look like rows列 of *tinyちっぽけな cardboard boxes when you look out of the 
window of a plane in flight. tinyちっぽけな
extremely非常に (81)
spread  to gradually徐々に reach or affect影響する 
a larger area or more people Some diseases病気 can *spread広がる only 
by direct直接の physical肉体的な contact接触. spread広がる gradually徐々に
affect影響する  disease病気
direct直接の physical肉体的な
contact接触 (82)
publish to prepare準備する and produce制作する a book, 
magazine, etc. ［so that］～のように people can buy it Getting your biography伝記 *published出版させる   requires必要とする you to have 
a marketable売り物になる story. publish出版する
prepare準備する  produce制作する
biography伝記 require必要とする (83)
path a way that is made by people or 
animals walking over the ground  We were robbed奪われた of our energyエネルギー by the 
steep急な and narrow狭い *paths小道 in the mountain. rob奪う
path小道  steep急な
narrow狭い (84)
rumor  unofficial非公式の information情報 
that may or may not be true Local *rumor噂 has it that he was 
secretly密かに buried埋葬された in that church. rumor噂 unofficial非公式の
information情報  secretly密かに
burry 埋める (85)
curious  having a desire欲望 to know more about something A *curious好奇心の強い crowd群衆 gathered at the 
site of the car accident and watched the   outstanding優れた performance of the rescue救助 team. curious好奇心の強い  desire欲望
crowd群衆 outstanding優れた
rescue救助 (86)
insist to say firmlyきっぱりと that something is true,   ［even though］たとえ~であっても other 
people think it may not be true The 18th-century philosopher哲学者 Immanual Kant 
*insisted主張した that all lies嘘 are harmful有害な. insist主張する
firmlyきっぱりと  even though たとえ~であっても
philosopher哲学者 lie嘘
harmful有害な (87)
encourage to give someone a suggestion提案 to do something  ［Weather permitting］天気が良ければ, we *encourage奨励する 
outdoor play as often as possible. encourage奨励する
suggestion提案  weather permitting 天気が良ければ (88)
memory  something that you remember Before the exam I refreshed my 
*memory記憶 by reading some old notes. memory記憶 (89)
advantage something that helps you to be more successful成功した  Biotechnology could offer great 
*advantages利点 to the whole world. advantage利点
successful成功した (90)
crowded containing含む a lot of people or too many people  The museum was incredibly信じられないほど *crowded混雑した 
with tourists struggling苦労する to see the Mona Lisa. crowded混雑した  incredibly信じられないほど
struggle苦労する (91)
export  to sell products製品 or 
materials材料 to another country Four species種 of kangaroo are *exported輸出される 
commercially商業的に from Australia. export輸出する
product製品  material材料
species種 commercially商業的に (92)
descend to go down from a higher place to a lower place  *Descending降りる a mountain is 
harder than ascending登る it. descend降りる
ascend登る (93)
duty something that you have to do as part of a job After he joined the travel agency, 
he worked hard to improve向上させる his English in order to ［carry out］遂行する 
his *duties任務 more effectively効果的に. duty任務
improve向上させる carry out遂行する
effectively効果的に (94)
operation the process過程 of cutting into 
patient’s患者の body to remove除去する,   replace取り替える, or repair修復する a damaged part My mother is making a fast recovery回復 after 
the *operation手術 on her knee last week. operation手術  process過程
patient患者 remove除去する
replace取り替える  repair修復する
recovery回復 (95)
friendly  behaving in a kind and pleasant楽しい way Fred and I once had a *friendly友好的な argument議論   over…をめぐって which makes a 
better pet, a dog or a cat. friendly友好的な
pleasant楽しい  argument議論 (96)
influence  to have an effect影響 on a situation The debate over…をめぐる how 
technology *influences影響する   jobs is as old as industrial era時代 itself. influence影響する
effect影響  era時代 (97)
require  to need something He was able to teach sports 
which often *required必要とした   a lot of strength強さ and endurance持久力. require必要とする  strength強さ
endurance持久力 (98)
symbol  a picture or shape形 used to express表現する something Images of elephants are *symbols象徴 of 
good fortune運 in both India and Mexico. symbol象徴
shape形  express表現する
fortune運 (99)
container  something ［such as］…のような a box 
or bowl that can hold something The refund払い戻し金 will encourage奨励する 
people to recycle drink *containers容器. containers容器
refund払い戻し金 encourage奨励する (100)
ideal most suitable適した for a particular purpose  A ［role model］お手本 is an *ideal理想的な person 
whom we admire称賛する and aspire熱望する to be like. ideal理想的な
suitable適した  role model お手本
admire称賛する aspire熱望する (101)
reserve to keep something for you ［so that］~のように 
you will be able to use it at a later time The president社長 had his secretary秘書 
*reserve予約する a flight for New York. reserve予約する president社長
secretary秘書 (102)
contact to communicate意思疎通する with 
someone by telephone or letter  Is it possible to *contact連絡する the police via…経由で 
the Internet if there is an emergency緊急事態? contact連絡する
communicate意思疎通する  via…経由で
emergency緊急事態 (103)
attitude  the opinions and feelings 
that you have about something, especially when this shows表れる 
in the wayあり方 you behave振る舞う  Sylvia’s *attitudes態度 toward the 
policy方針 don’t ［make sense］理解できるto me. attitude態度
policy方針  make sense 理解できる (104)
equipment  the things that you need to do 
a particular job or activity活動 Today’s best audio *equipment機器   almost recreates再現する the sound 
quality質 of a live生の concert. equipment機器
activity活動  quality質 (105)
brief  not using too many words This *brief短い explanation説明 will serve役立つ 
as an introduction紹介 to the book. brief短い
explanation説明 serve役立つ
introduction紹介 (106)
elect to select選ぶ someone for an 
official公式の position by voting投票  It is likely that the President大統領 will 
be *elected選出される for another term任期. elect選出する
select選ぶ  official公式の
vote投票する President大統領
term任期 (107)
obtain to get something ［According to］…によれば the law法, you must 
be 18 years old or over to *obtain得る a driver’s license免許 in Japan. obtain得る
according to …によれば law法
license免許 (108)
privilege a special right権利 or advantage利点 that 
is given only to one person or group As a member, you have the *privilege特権 of 
purchasing購入する books at a 20% discount割引. privilege特権
right権利  advantage利点
purchase購入する discount割引 (109)
eyesight the ability能力 to see  What does eating blueberries 
have to do with good *eyesight視力? eyesight視力
ability能力 (110)
perfect as good as it could possibly be Use the following以下の tips助言 to 
pick選ぶ the *perfect完璧な roommate and avoid避ける uncomfortable不快な living situations. perfect完璧な
following以下の tip助言
pick選ぶ  avoid避ける
uncomfortable不快な (111)
adopt  to begin to use a new 
attitude態度, policy方針, or method方法 Some companies会社 have *adopted採用した a new policy of 
using English as the official in-house language. adopt採用する
attitude態度  policy方針
method方法 company会社 (112)
travel to go from one place to another Sound *travels移動する at different speeds, 
［depending on］…によって the temperature温度 of the air. travel移動する  depending on …によって
temperature温度 (113)
stair  a set of steps inside a building that 
allow可能にする you to go from one floor to another The old lady was ［out of breath］息が切れた 
from climbing up the *stairs階段. stair階段
allow可能にする out of breath息が切れた (114)
sensation a feeling that you experience経験する 
from one of your ［five senses］五感  What insect昆虫 bite causes起こす 
a burning *sensation感覚? sensation感覚
experience経験する  insect昆虫
cause起こす (115)
amazing  very surprising and makes you 
feel pleasure喜び or admiration称賛 Walking into an electronics store today, consumers   are faced with an *amazing驚くべき 
variety of audio technology. amazing驚くべき
pleasure喜び  admiration称賛 (116)
forgive  to stop being angry with someone who has 
done something wrong and stop blaming責める them Many people think they are ready to 
*forgive許す, but want an apology謝罪 first. forgive許す  blame責める
apology謝罪 (117)
shout  to say something loudly大声で I don’t mind if you disagree同意しない with me, 
but I object反対する to being *shouted叫ぶ at. shout叫ぶ
loudly大声で (118)
climate the general一般的な weather気象 conditions of a place The majority大部分 of the regions地域 with 
Mediterranean地中海の *climates気候 have relatively比較的に mild winters and very warm summers. climate気候
general一般的な weather気象
majority大部分  region地域 Mediterranean地中海
relatively比較的に (119)
mankind all humans considered as one group  The most important function機能 of animals to 
*mankind人類 is probably as a provider提供者 of food. mankind人類  function機能
provider提供者 (120)
previous  existing存在する or happening before 
something that you are talking about now No *previous以前の experience経験 
is necessary必要な for this job. previous以前の
exist存在する experience経験
necessary必要な (121)
guess to give an answer or an opinion意見 about 
something without definite確かな knowledge about it I *guess推測する listening to the 
boring退屈な lecture講義 made me tired. guess推測する
opinion意見 definite確かな  boring退屈な
lecture講義 (122)
attack  to use violence暴力 to hurt or 
damage someone or something Bears rarelyめったに…しない *attack攻撃する humans 
unless~でなければ they feel threatened脅かされた. attack攻撃する
violence暴力 rarelyめったに…しない  unless~でなければ
threaten脅かす (123)
decision  a choice選択 or judgement判断 that 
you make after thinking carefully There was some exchange交換 of opinions, but the 
*decision決定 was ［put off］延期された until next time. decision決定
choice選択  judgement判断
exchange交換 put off 延期する (124)
direction the general一般的な way in which something 
is progressing進歩する or developing発展する  Heavy industry重工業 is moving in the *direction方向 
of more automated machines and less manpower. direction方向
general一般的な  progress進歩する
develop発展する (125)
comfortable  feeling physically肉体的に relaxedくつろいだ 
without unpleasant不快な feelings In the 21st century, we can 
expect scientific advances進歩   to give more people than ever the means手段 
of leading a *comfortable快適な and easy life. comfortable快適な
physically肉体的に  relaxedくつろいだ
unpleasant不快な advance進歩
means手段 (126)
attend to be present存在する at an event 
such as a meeting or a class  All the students who are interested in studying 
abroad should *attend出席する next week’s meeting. attend出席する
present存在する (127)
announce to tell people about something officially公式に
To our surprise, the mayor市長 suddenly *announced発表した her resignation辞任 ［in 
spite of］…にかかわらずher high popularity人気. announce発表する
officially公式に mayor市長
resignation辞任  in spite of…にかかわらず
popularity人気 (128)
habit  something that you do often or regularly日常的に, often without thinking about it
Especially特に at the beginning of a new year, one question that frequently頻繁に comes up 
is how to［get rid of］捨て去る bad *habits習慣. habit習慣  regularly日常的に
especially特に frequently頻繁に
get rid of 捨て去る (129)
departure the act行為 of leaving離れる a place  We delayed遅らせた our *departure出発 
［on account of］…のため　bad weather天候. departure出発
act行為  leave 離れる
delay遅らせる on account of …のため
weather天候 (130)
stable not likely to change
We all know that friendships   are precious貴重な, but we also understand 
that friendships are not *stable安定した. stable安定した
precious貴重な (131)
develop to start to have a disease病気
If George doesn’t stop smoking,   he will run the risk of 
*developing発症する lung肺 cancerガン. develop発症する
disease病気  lung肺
cancerガン (132)
support  to help someone by showing 
that you agree with them The government政府 promotes促進する lifelong 
learning for the ［general public］一般大衆 by   *supporting支援する a variety of programs and 
providing提供する necessary必要な facilities施設. support支援する  government政府
promote促進する general public 一般大衆
provide提供する  necessary必要な
facility施設 (133)
income  the money that you earn稼ぐ from working
Seniors高齢者 – no matter what their source源 of *income収入 – often struggle苦労する 
to ［make ends meet］収支を合わせる. income収入
earn稼ぐ senior高齢者
source源  struggle苦労する
make ends meet収支を合わせる (134)
politics  the ideas and activities活動 ［concerned with］…に関する 
getting and using power権力 in a country Did the result of the ［general election］総選挙 of   July 1993 ［bring about］もたらす important 
effects影響 on Japanese *politics政治? politics政治
activity活動  concerned with …に関する
power権力 general election 総選挙
bring aboutもたらす  effect影響 (135)
generous  willing to give more than the 
amount量 that is usual or expected Everyone was disappointed失望した to hear that she 
had ［turned down］断った the *generous気前のいい offer申し出. generous気前のいい
amount量  disappoint失望させる turn down 断る
offer申し出 (136)
rent to regularly定期的に pay money to use 
something that belongs to someone else ［In spite of］…にかかわらずrising home costs, 
buying still beatsまさる *renting賃借する. rent賃借する
regularly定期的に  in spite of …にかかわらず
beatまさる (137)
float  to stayとどまる on the surface表面 
of a liquid液体 without sinking沈む People can *float浮く in regular普通の water, but 
since~なので salt water is even denser密度が高い,   it is even easier to *float浮く in the Dead Sea. float浮く
stayとどまる  surface表面
liquid液体 sink沈む
regular普通の  since ~なので
dense密度が高い (138)
election  the act行為 of choosing選ぶ someone 
for a［public office］公職 by voting投票 The *election選挙 is one of the key 
elements要素 of a ［democratic state］民主主義国家. election選挙 act行為
choose選ぶ  public office 公職
vote投票 element要素
democratic state 民主主義国家 (139)
view personal個人的な opinions意見 about something  A college education will enable可能にする you 
to get a broader *view見方 of the world. view見方  personal個人的な
enable可能にする (140)
typical  having the usual features特徴 
of a particular group or thing A bowl of steamed rice is included含まれる 
in *typical典型的な Japanese meals. typical典型的な  feature特徴
include含む (141)
realize  to know or understand a 
particular fact or situation I came to *realize理解する the need to 
manage管理する my time more effectively効果的に. realize理解する
manage管理する  effectively効果的に (142)
regret  to feel sorry残念な or sad about something 
you have done and wish you had not done it The short-tempered短気な young man 
deeply *regretted後悔した what he   had said to his girlfriend as 
soon as he put the phone down. regret後悔する
sorry残念な (143)
luggage the cases and bags that you 
carry when you are travelling  Would you mind ［keeping an eye on］…を見張る 
my *luggage荷物 while I make a phone call? luggage荷物
keeping an eye on …を見張る (144)
location the place where something is situated位置する  Doing business ［no longer］もはや…でない 
relies依存する on *location場所. location場所
situated位置する  no longerもはや…でない
rely依存する (145)
independent  not depending頼る on other people for help or money Jane was already financially財政的に *independent独立した 
of her parents before she finished university. independent独立した  depend頼る
financially財政的に (146)
invent  to design設計する or create作り出す something 
useful有用な for the first time Who is credited功績を認められた with 
*inventing発明する the telephone? invent発明する
create作り出す useful有用な
credit功績を認める (147)
remove to take something away from a place
The company会社 wants to sell its ability能力 to *remove取り除く ［carbon dioxide］二酸化炭素 from the 
atmosphere大気 and store貯蔵する it underground. remove取り除く
company会社  ability能力
carbon dioxide 二酸化炭素 atmosphere大気
store貯蔵する (148)
secret something that is known by only a small 
number of people and not told to others A *secret秘密 that you carry to 
the grave墓場 is something you   never tell anyone during your entireすべての lifetime. secret秘密
grave墓場  entireすべての (149)
universe  the whole of space and everything 
in it including含んでいる the earth, the planets惑星 and the stars恒星  Scientists are trying to ［figure out］解明する 
how the *universe宇宙 ［came into being］出現する. universe宇宙
include含む  figure out 解明する
come into being 出現する (150)
rapid  happening very quickly
The *rapid急速な growth増加 of fresh-fruit imports輸入 has affected影響した 
many aspects側面 of the US fresh-fruit market. rapid急速な  growth増加
import輸入 affect影響する
aspect側面 (151)
schedule to make arrangements手配 for something 
to happen at a particular time  Can I *schedule予定する a delivery配達 ［in advance］前もって? schedule予定する
arrangement手配  delivery配達
in advance 前もって (152)
contain  to have something inside
Scientists believe that the Milky Way galaxy *contains含む 
approximately約 100 billion stars. contain含む
approximately約 (153)
destruction the act行為 of destroying破壊する something
All countries that are contributing加担する   to the *destruction破壊 of rainforests熱帯雨林 should 
begin their own efforts努力 to protect保護する them. destruction破壊  act行為
destroy破壊する contribute加担する
rainforest熱帯雨林  effort努力
protect保護する (154)
treasure  valuable価値ある objects物 ［such as］…のような 
paintings or ancient古代の documents文書 Should cultural *treasures宝物 be 
returned to their country of origin起源? treasure宝物
valuable価値ある object物
ancient古代の  document文書
origin起源 (155)
evident  easy to see, notice気づく, or understand It is *evident明白な that a big mistake was made 
in calculating計算する the costs of the project. evident明白な
notice気づく  calculate計算する (156)
steal  to take something that belongs属する to someone else without permission許可 and 
without intention意図 to return it  What should I do if my wallet 
is lost or *stolen盗まれる? steal 盗む
belong属する  permission許可
intention意図 (157)
perform  to do something to entertain楽しませる an audience観客 Dance is *performed演じられる 
for a variety of purposes. perform演じる entertain楽しませる
audience観客 (158)
flood a large amount量 of water that 
covers覆う an area that is usually dry Sometimes, there is heavy rain for a very short 
period期間 that ［result in］…の結果になる *floods洪水. flood洪水
amount量  period期間
result in …の結果になる (159)
will  strong determination決意 to do 
something that you have decided to do Strong *will意志 is the most essential重要な quality資質 
for anyone who wants to achieve達成する success成功. will意志
determination決意  essential重要な
quality資質 achieve達成する
success成功 (160)
successful achieving達成する what was intended意図された
The meeting was *successful成功した ［even   though］～だけれどもno clear conclusion結論 was reached. successful成功した  achieve達成する
intend意図する even though ～だけれども
conclusion結論 (161)
cross to go from one side of something to the other  When driving near a school, ［watch out 
for］…に気をつける children *crossing横断する the road. cross横断する
watch out for …に気をつける (162)
judge to form形成する an opinion about someone or something  You should know better than 
to *judge判断する by appearance外見. judge判断する
form形成する  appearance外見 (163)
volunteer  someone who does a job without being paid for it
Those living in Tokyo seemed to be less involved関与する in *volunteerボランティア 
work than the nation国 as a whole. volunteerボランティア involve関与する
nation国 (164)
assignment a task仕事 that you are given to do as part 
of a course of study or as part of your job Nearly half of the students didn’t 
［turn in］提出する the *assignment課題. assignment課題 task仕事
turn in 提出する (165)
healthy physically肉体的に strong and not sick or injured  Getting the right適切な amount量 of sleep is 
important for keeping ourselves *healthy健康な. healthy健康な
physically肉体的に  right適切な (166)
recommend  to say that something is good or useful役に立つ
My friend Maria *recommended薦めた a movie ［based on］…に基づく a best-selling novel, and she 
told me my favorite actor was starring in it. recommend薦める  useful役に立つ
based on …に基づく (167)
accompany  to go somewhere with someone
Children 11 years and younger receive free無料の admission入場 when 
*accompanied同伴される by an adult. accompany同伴する free無料の
admission入場 (168)
pity something that causes起こす disappointment失望
It’s a *pity残念 you were unable to join the party. pity残念
cause起こす  disappointment失望 (169)
principle  a moral道徳的な rule or belief信念 which 
influences影響する your behavior行動 It is against反する my 
*principles主義 to borrow借りる money. principle主義
moral道徳的な belief信念
influence影響する  behavior行動
borrow借りる (170)
intellectual  using your ability能力 to 
think and understand things ［Because of］…のため artificial intelligence 
(AI)人工知能, skilled熟練した white-collar workers,   or *intellectual知的な workers, 
are also at “high risk.” intellectual知的な  ability能力
because of …のため (171)
search  to try to find someone or 
something by looking carefully注意深く Spending費やす less time outside the home   *searching探す for food reduces減らす the 
risk of being killed by other animals. search探す
spend費やす  reduce減らす (172)
concentrate  to give all your attention注意 to what you are doing
It has been hard to *concentrate集中する on my studies lately because a road is 
being built in front of my house. concentrate集中する
attention注意 (173)
candidate  someone who is applying応募する for a 
job or competing競争する in an election選挙 I want to vote投票する for a *candidate候補者 
who will try to reduce削減する unemployment失業. candidate候補者
apply応募する compete競争する
election選挙  vote投票する
reduce削減する unemployment失業 (174)
author someone who has written a piece of writing  Treasure Island is an adventure冒険 novel小説 by 
Scottish *author作家 Robert Louis Stevenson. author作家
adventure冒険  novel小説 (175)
sensitive  easily worried心配した and upset動揺した by something She is so *sensitive感じやすい that she 
cried for days when her pet died. sensitive感じやすい worried心配した
upset動揺した (176)
switch to change from one thing to another  The bicycle lanes may persuade説得する motorists in 
the city to *switch変える from cars to bicycles. switch変える
persuade説得する (177)
envy to wish望む that you had the same qualities資質 
or possessions所有物 that someone has  Many people want to speak a 
second language fluently流暢に, and bilingual people are often 
admired称賛される or even *enviedうらやまれる. envyうらやむ
quality資質 possession所有物  fluently流暢に
admire称賛する (178)
exercise  physical身体的な activity活動 that you do in 
order to become stronger and healthier *Exercise運動 burns calories, offsetting相殺する the   calories you take in and helping you 
maintain維持する an appropriate適切な weight. exercise運動
physical身体的な  activity活動
offset相殺する maintain維持する
appropriate適切な (179)
harbor an area of water near the coast海岸 
where it is safe for ships to stay The Nagasaki Port is a natural *harbor港 that 
is surrounded囲まれた by mountains on three sides. harbor港
coast海岸  surround囲む (180)
domestic  ［relating to］…に関する one particular country
The US *domestic国内の market receives orange imports輸入 from variousさまざまな 
countries and regions地域. domestic国内の relating to …に関する
import輸入  variousさまざまな
region地域 (181)
expect  to think that someone should do something
I *expect期待する all of you to be here five minutes before the test begins, ［without fail］必ず. expect期待する
without fail必ず (182)
describe  to say what something or someone is like
The story *describes描写する a young woman who moves to the countryside with her husband when 
he tries to escape逃れる his busy life in the city. describe描写する
escape逃れる (183)
emotion a strong human feeling 
［such as］…のような love or anger  You should not let your personal *emotions感情 stand 
in the way of making that important decision決定. emotion感情
decision決定 (184)
praise words that you say in order 
to admire someone or something  Giving students effective効果的な *praise称賛 
is an important part of teaching. praise称賛
effective効果的な (185)
lazy not liking work or effort努力  He is［by nature］生まれつき a *lazy怠惰な person, 
so we don’t expect期待する too much from him. lazy怠惰な
effort努力  by nature 生まれつき
expect期待する (186)
reduce  to make something smaller in 
size, amount量, number, etc. In recent years, people have become more 
health-conscious意識した and consequently結果的に   have *reduced減らした the amount of fat脂肪 they eat. reduce減らす
amount量  conscious意識した
consequently結果的に fat脂肪 (187)
guard to protect守る someone or something 
from danger危険 or attack攻撃  Before a dog can be trained to *guard守る your 
property財産, you must teach basic基本的な commands命令. guard守る
protect守る  attack攻撃
property財産 basic基本的な
command命令 (188)
colleague someone who works with you  The boss regrets後悔する employing雇う him because 
he makes a lot of trouble with *colleagues同僚. colleague同僚  regret後悔する
employ雇う (189)
study  the act行為 of examining調べる something ［in detail］詳細に A *study研究 shows that Japanese 
women bowお辞儀する more often than men. study研究
act行為 examine調べる  in detail 詳細に
bowお辞儀する (190)
visible  able to be seen You can get a decentまともな Milky Way photo even when 
it’s barelyかろうじて *visible目に見える to the naked eye肉眼. visible目に見える  decentまともな
barelyかろうじて (191)
fear  to feel worried心配な that something bad may happen
Many scientists *fear恐れる that there may be far fewer polar bears, ［thanks to］…のせいで 
the effects影響 of ［climate change］気候変動. fear恐れる
worried心配な thanks to …のせいで
effect影響  climate change気候変動 (192)
rely  to need something in order to work properly適切に
The pilots that have landed着陸した at the wrong airports in the past have all been 
*relying頼る on visual視覚の information. rely頼る properly適切に
visual視覚の (193)
existence the fact of being present存在する
Both children and adults alike同様に   wonder…だろうかと思う about the *existence存在 of ghosts幽霊. existence存在
present存在する  alike同様に
wonder …だろうかと思う (194)　
closet  a piece of furniture家具 used 
for storing収納する clothes Keeping your *closetクローゼット organized整理された will 
help you keep your room neat and tidyきちんとした. closetクローゼット
furniture家具  store収納する
organize整理する (195)
brave  capableできる of ［dealing with］対処する dangerous or 
difficult situations without showing fear恐怖心 Someone pulling an injured person out of a crashed 
car after an accident is considered *brave勇敢な. brave勇敢な
capableできる  deal with 対処する
fear恐怖心 (196)
defend  to protect守る someone or something from attack攻撃
We must *defend擁護する our right権利 to privacy. defend擁護する
protect守る  attack攻撃
right権利 (197)
recognize  to know who someone is or what something is 
because of previous以前の knowledge or experience Animals rely頼る on the ［sense 
of smell］嗅覚 to find food,   to find mates配偶者, and to 
*recognize認識する their enemies敵. recognize認識する
previous以前の  rely頼る mate配偶者
enemy敵 (198)
remedy a treatment治療 or medicine薬 to cure治す an 
illness or pain that is not very serious深刻な A good *remedy療法 for a headache頭痛 
is an aspirin and a glass of water. remedy療法
treatment治療 medicine薬
cure治す  serious深刻な
headache頭痛 (199)
burden  a duty義務 or responsibility責任 
that you have to ［deal with］対処する Men say they ［are willing to］いとわない share分担する 
the *burden負担 of domestic家庭内の work. burden負担
duty義務 responsibility責任
deal with対処する  be willing to …をいとわない
share分担する domestic家庭内の (200)
anxious worried心配な about something
School administrators管理者   in California are *anxious気がかりな about the 
cuts削減 proposed提案された in the state州 budget予算. anxious気がかりな
worried心配な  administrator管理者
propose提案する state州
budget予算 (201)
prepare to make yourself ready備えた for 
something that will happen  I’m afraid I am not *prepared準備ができた to 
take the risk of losing all my money. prepare準備する
ready備えた (202)
convince to make someone believe that something is true  No one was *convinced納得させられた by his 
explanation説明 at the ［press conference］記者会見. convince納得させる
explanation説明  press conference記者会見 (203)
government  the group of people who 
officially正式に govern統治する a country Today, the vast majority of *governments政府 around   the world do not allow許す couples 
of the same sex to marry結婚する. government政府
officially正式に  govern統治する allow許す
marry結婚する (204)
maintenance the process過程 of keeping something in good   condition by checking点検する and 
repairing修理する it regularly定期的に The elevators are out of service 
for regular定期的な *maintenance点検. maintenance点検 process過程
check点検する  repair修理する
regular定期的な (205)
vacant  not being used by anyone Can I change seats after boarding搭乗 
if there is a *vacant空きの seat? vacant空きの
board搭乗する (206)
hide  to put something in a place 
where it cannot easily be found *Hiding隠す cash現金 and valuables貴重品 
at home can be risky business. hide隠す
cash現金 valuables貴重品 (207)
generate to produce生産する energy
Wind electricity is a   form形態 of renewable再生可能な energy that uses 
airflow to *generate作り出す electricity電気. generate作り出す
produce生産する  form形態 renewable再生可能な
electricity電気 (208)
posture the way you position位置させる your body 
when you are standing or sitting  People have long assumed思い込む that *posture姿勢 
has played some role役割 in ［back pain］腰痛. posture姿勢
position位置させる  assume思い込む
role役割 (209)
legend  a story from ancient古代の times 
that may or may not be true ［According to］…によれば local *legend伝説, 
“If the person bathes naked,   they will definitely間違いなく be 
eaten by crocodiles, for sure.” legend伝説
ancient古代の  according to …によれば
definitely間違いなく (210)
nervous  worried心配な and anxious不安な about 
something that might happen I am accustomed慣れた to public speaking, so I 
don’t get *nervous不安な in front of large groups. nervous不安な
worried心配な  anxious不安な
accustomed慣れた (211)
express  to show what you are feeling or 
thinking using words or actions *Expressing表現する gratitude感謝 can make all 
the difference in your relationship人間関係. express表現する
gratitude感謝  relationship人間関係 (212)
consult  to go to someone for information or advice How much does it costかかる to *consult相談する 
a lawyer弁護士 for legal法的な advice? consult相談する
costかかる lawyer弁護士
legal法的な (213)
sorrow a feeling of sadness  Joy喜び and *sorrow悲しみ are the 
light and shade影 of life. sorrow悲しみ  joy喜び
shade影 (214)
population  ［the number of］…の数 people 
living in a particular area Japan’s *population人口 density密度 has helped 
promote促進する extremely非常に high land prices. population人口
density密度  promote促進する
extremely非常に the number of …の数 (215)
missing unable to be found  The police ［called off］中止した the search捜索 for 
the *missing行方不明の child until dawn夜明け tomorrow. missing行方不明の
call off 中止する  search捜索
dawn夜明け (216)
assign  to give someone a particular 
job or responsibility責任 In high school I was *assigned割り当てられた longer 
texts which had a larger vocabulary語彙. assign割り当てる
responsibility責任 (217)
exhibit to put something in a public公の place 
［so that］~のように people can go to see it  The rocket will be *exhibited展示される to 
the public at the Smithsonian Museum. exhibit展示する
public公の  so that ~のように (218)
presentation  an activity活動 in which you give a 
formal正式な talk to a group of people Her *presentation発表 left残した 
nothing to be desired望まれる. presentation発表
activity活動 formal正式な
desire望む (219)
agriculture the science and the methods方法 that are used 
to raise育てる crops作物 and animals for food One of the reasons理由 for the 
growth成長 of *agriculture農業   in California was to feed食べさせる 
the large population人口 there. agriculture農業  method方法
raise育てる crop作物
reason理由  feed食べさせる
population人口 (220)
wealthy  having a lot of money and possessions所有物 Do you need to be *wealthy裕福な to realize実現する a 
childhood dream of becoming an astronaut宇宙飛行士? wealthy裕福な
possession所有物  realize実現する
astronaut宇宙飛行士 (221)
disappear  to stop existing存在する
My confidence自信 as a swimmer started to *disappear消える the 
day Angela moved to our small town. disappear消える exist存在する
confidence自信 (222)
prevent to stop someone or something from doing something
There are a number of measures手段 that you can take to *prevent防ぐ the spread拡散 
of viruses and bacteria. prevent防ぐ  measure手段
spread拡散 (223)
inquiry  a question you ask in order to get 
information about someone or something The company has received ［quite a few］かなりの数の 
*inquiries問い合わせ from its customers顧客. inquiry問い合わせ
quite a fewかなりの数の (224)
resource something that a country has and 
can use to increase増やす its wealth富,   ［such as］…のような coal石炭, oil, or land The richest 20% of the world’s population人口 
consume消費する 86% of the world *resources資源. resource資源
increase増やす  wealth富 population人口
consume消費する (225)
positive believing that a situation will get better  We received a lot of *positive前向きな 
feedback感想 on the new plan. positive前向きな
feedback感想 (226)
wipe to clean or dry something by using a cloth  There are many health problems that can 
arise発生する if you don’t *wipe拭く your sweat. wipe拭く
arise発生する (227)
arise to begin to exist存在する
Concern懸念 about the possibility可能性   of mobile phones having ［ill effects］悪影響 
on health *arose発生した in the mid-1990s. arise発生する
exist存在する  concern懸念
possibility可能性 (228)
shortage  a situation where there is not enough of something An increase増加 in the population個体数 of a 
species種 may leadつながる to food *shortages不足. shortage不足
increase増加  population個体数 species種
leadつながる (229)
flavor the particular taste of a food or drink
Fresh, local vegetables野菜 are so delicious美味しい that little work is needed to 
［bring out］引き出す its *flavor味. flavor味
vegetable野菜 delicious美味しい
bring out 引き出す (230)
rude  showing a lack欠如 of respect敬意 for other people I had no choice but to ［put up with］我慢する 
the guest’s *rude無礼な behavior振る舞い. rude無礼な
lack欠如 respect敬意
put up with 我慢する (231)
inquire  to ask for information about something The product製品 you *inquired問い合わせた 
about is ［out of stock］在庫切れ now. inquire問い合わせる
product製品 (232)
heal  to become healthy健康な and normal正常な again When a wound傷 *heals治癒する, it may 
eventually最終的に ［turn into］…になる a scar傷跡. heal治癒する
healthy健康な normal正常な
wound傷  eventually最終的に
turn into …になる (233)
assistance  the act行為 of helping someone
In a crisis危機, emergency緊急 financial財政の *assistance援助 can 
help you pay for living expenses出費. assistance援助
act行為 crisis危機
emergency緊急  financial財政の
expense出費 (234)
feature  an interesting or important part of something The huge巨大な network of canals運河 is a 
fascinating魅力的な *feature特徴 of the old city. feature特徴
huge巨大な  fascinating魅力的な (235)
formal  made or done officially or publicly
Throughout his life, Thomas Edison maintained主張した that *formal正式な 
education had not made him. formal正式な
maintain主張した (236)
allow  to make it possible for someone to do something
It was the control制御 of fire and the use of clothing that *allowed可能にした humans to 
settle定住する in the cold northern areas. allow可能にする control制御
settle定住する (237)
intend to be made for ［carrying 
out］実行する a particular purpose  Ireland was the first nation国 to pass通過させる a law法 *intended意図された to reduce減らす 
the use of plastic bags. intend意図する
carry out 実行する nation国
pass通過させる  law法
reduce減らす (238)
distinction  a clear difference相違 or separation分離 
between similar類似した things We have to make a clear *distinction区別 between 
public公的な matters and private私的な affairs問題. distinction区別
difference相違  separation分離
similar類似した public公的な
private私的な  affair問題 (239)
appreciation  an understanding of how good something is
Although I was extremely familiar精通した with the book, watching the movie increased高めた my 
*appreciation理解 of the ［original story］原作. appreciation理解
familiar精通した  increase高める
original story原作 (240)
disgusting  extremely unpleasant不快な
Eating insects昆虫 is considered as *disgusting胸の悪くなるような or 
even primitive原始的な in Western societies. disgusting胸の悪くなるような
unpleasant不快な  insect昆虫
primitive原始的な (241)
fulfill  to succeed成功する in doing something To *fulfill実現させる your dream, 
you need to take a little risk. fulfill実現させる
succeed成功する (242)
bark  to make a short loud sound
It was quiet night, and the only sound to be heard was a 
dog *barking吠える ［in the distance］遠くで. bark吠える
in the distance遠くで (243)
article  a piece of writing about a particular subject 
that is published発表された in a newspaper or magazine My aunt often translates翻訳する *articles記事 
submitted提出された to international medical journals. article記事
publish発表する  translate翻訳する
submit提出する (244)
shore  the land along the edge端 of 
a sea, lake, or wide river Why are waves波 always parallel平行な to the 
*shore岸 on approaching近づく the seashore海岸? shore岸
wave波  parallel平行な
approach近づく (245)
cruel  causing起こす pain痛み and suffering苦しみ 
to people or animals［on purpose］故意に It is *cruel残酷な to hunt狩る animals for sport娯楽. cruel残酷な
cause起こす pain痛み
suffering苦しみ  on purpose故意に
hunt狩る (246)
preserve  to keep something in good condition
Before refrigerators冷蔵庫 became common一般的な, vinegar酢 was vitally非常に important in 
*preserving保存する food in the form形 of pickles. preserve保存する
refrigerator冷蔵庫  common一般的な
vitally非常に form形 (247)
greet to say hello to someone or to welcome them  Manners of *greeting挨拶する 
vary異なる from country to country. greet挨拶する
vary異なる (248)
envelope a thin薄い paper container容器 
used for sending letters  Postcards are usually mailed郵送される 
without an *envelope封筒. envelope封筒
thin薄い  container容器
mail郵送する (249)
horizon  the line in the distance遠くの where the 
sky seems to meet the earth or the sea Why does the Sun appear見える larger on 
the *horizon地［水］平線 than overhead頭上? horizon地［水］平線
appear見える (250)
objective  based基づいた only on facts and not 
influenced影響される by feelings or opinions Do you think *objective客観的な journalism exists存在する? objective客観的な
based基づいた influence影響する
exist存在する (251)
interrupt to stop something temporarily一時的に  The game on the main court was 
*interrupted中断された by a brief短い shower雨. interrupt中断する
temporarily一時的に  brief短い (252)
stir  to mix food or liquid液体 using a 
spoon or something similar類似した She *stirredかき混ぜた the mixture混合物 
until it got to the ［boiling point］沸点. stirかき混ぜる
liquid液体 similar類似した
mixture混合物 (253)
mission an important work that a person or group of people 
has to do which involves伴う traveling somewhere What kinds of *missions使命 are 
conducted遂行される by the army軍隊? mission使命
involve伴う conduct遂行する
army軍隊 (254)
debt a sum額 of money that you owe借りる
The national国の *debt借金 of Japan   has grown to more than twice the country’s 
annual年間の ［gross domestic product］国内総生産. debt借金
sum額  owe借りる  national国の
annual年間の (255)
preferable  more desirable望ましい or suitable適切な
When you have to drive, it’s *preferable好ましい to use a vehicle車両 
that includes含む eco-friendly features特徴. preferable好ましい
desirable望ましい suitable適切な
vehicle車両  include含む
feature特徴 (256)
ensure  to ［make sure］確認する that something happens Installing設置する a smoke alarm does not 
*ensure保証する the safety of your family. ensure保証する
make sure確認する  install設置する (257)
revive  to make something active活発な 
or successful成功した again It is estimated見積もられる that 
considerable相当の investment投資   will be necessary to *revive復活させる 
the country’s tourism industry. revive復活させる
active活発な  successful成功した
estimate見積もる considerable相当の
investment投資 (258)
sign a piece of paper, wood or metal that 
gives information about something Can you ［make out］理解する what that *sign看板 says? sign看板
make out理解する (259)
vegetation  the plants and trees in a particular area In the Himalaya mountains, the *vegetation植生 
changes ［according to］…に応じて the altitude標高. vegetation植生  according to …に応じて
altitude標高 (260)
diligent  working hard with effort努力 To be called a *diligent勤勉な and thorough徹底した 
worker is the highest form of praise称賛. diligent勤勉な
effort努力  thorough徹底した
praise称賛 (261)
replace  to be used ［instead of］…の代わりに something Eventually最終的には, the 20 ［primary teeth］乳歯 are 
*replaced取って代わられる by 32 ［permanent teeth］永久歯. replace取って代わる
instead of …の代わりに (262)
apply  to make a formal正式な request申請 for 
something ［such as］…のような a job, admission入学 to a school, a loan, etc.
You can *apply応募する for this scholarship奨学金 ［on the condition that］~の条件で you have a 
letter of recommendation推薦 from your teacher. apply応募する
formal正式な request申請
admission入学  scholarship奨学金 on the condition that ~の条件で
recommendation推薦 (263)
device  an object物体 or a piece of equipment機器 that 
has been designed for a particular purpose First-time smartphone buyers may be surprised   their new *device装置 doesn’t 
come with instructions取扱説明書. device装置
object物体  equipment機器
instructions取扱説明書 (264)
wisdom  the ability能力 to make good decisions決断 and 
judgments判断 using your knowledge and experience I oweおかげである the progress進歩 I have made 
in English to the *wisdom知恵 of my aunt. wisdom知恵
ability能力  decision決断
judgment判断 oweおかげである
progress進歩 (265)
bare not covered by clothes衣服
Gloves are a great   solution解決策 for avoiding避ける *bareむき出しの hand 
contact, but they can be inconvenient不便な. bareむき出しの
solution解決策 avoid避ける
inconvenient不便な (266)
retire to stop working ［because of］…のため old age  Employees従業員 are supposed to *retire引退する 
at the age of sixty in our company会社. retire引退する
employee従業員 (267)
adjust to change something slightlyわずかに 
to make it work better  Going through実行する all the 
steps手順 to *adjust調節する the brightness明るさ of my computer 
screen is a real nuisance面倒. adjust調節する
slightlyわずかに brightness明るさ
nuisance面倒 (268)
wage the amount額 of money that you 
earn稼ぐ for the work that you do  In Japan, minimum最低の *wage賃金 ［depends 
on］…に依る the industry産業 and the region地域. wage賃金
amount額  earn稼ぐ
minimum最低の depends on …に依る
industry産業  region地域 (269)
architecture  the study研究 and practice実践 of designing buildings He graduated at the top of his class with 
degrees学位 in *architecture建築 and city planning. architecture建築
study研究  practice実践
degree学位 (270)
delicate  easily damaged or broken
Ecosystems生態系 must maintain維持する a *delicate繊細な balance in order to stay vital活発な. delicate繊細な
ecosystem生態系 maintain維持する
vital活発な (271)
broadcast to send out radio or television programmes  The address演説 will be 
*broadcast放送される live生で on ABC. broadcast放送する  address演説
live生で (272)
derive  to come from something
Most of the English words *derived由来した from Latin and Greek roots語根. derive由来する (273)
disaster  unexpected予期せぬ event ［such as］…のような 
an earthquake地震 or a plane crash that causes起こす a lot of damage
The European heat wave熱波   is one of the horrible恐ろしい natural 
*disasters災害 happened in the world. disaster災害  unexpected予期せぬ
earthquake地震 cause起こす
horrible恐ろしい (274)
patient a person who is receiving medical treatment治療
To recover回復させる his strength体力, the *patient患者 was made to raise上げる his 
arms above his head many times every day. patient患者
treatment治療  recover回復させる
raise上げる (275)
messy  dirty or untidyきちんとしていない
When a neatきちんとした person lives with someone who is more inclined傾向がある to be *messy乱雑な, 
it can cause ［quite a few］かなりの problems. messy乱雑な
neatきちんとした  quite a fewかなりの (276)
cancel  to decide that something that was officially 
arranged手配された will not ［take place］行われる Can I *cancel取り消す my booking予約if 
there’s been an emergency緊急事態? cancel取り消す
arrange手配する take place 行われる
booking予約  emergency緊急事態 (277)
suspend  to officially prevent妨げる someone from doing their job or from going to 
school for a limited限定された time  Students cannot ［take part in］…に参加する school 
activities or events while *suspended出席停止にされた. suspend出席停止にする
prevent妨げる  limit限定する
take part in …に参加する (278)
dinosaur  very large animals which 
lived in prehistoric先史の times It is very rare稀な to ［come 
across］遭遇する a skeleton骨格 of   a whole *dinosaur恐竜, though～だけれども it 
does occur起きる［from time to time］時々. dinosaur恐竜
rare稀な  come across 遭遇する
skeleton骨格 though～だけれども
occur起きる  from time to time 時々 (279)
necessity  something that you must have in order to live A car is an absolute絶対的な *necessity必需品 
if you live in the countryside. necessity必需品
absolute絶対的な (280)
subjective  ［based on］…に基づく personal opinions 
and feelings rather than facts Grading評価する artwork has traditionally伝統的に 
been a *subjective主観的な activity. subjective主観的な  based on …に基づく
traditionally伝統的に (281)
pretend  to behave振る舞う in a particular way 
in order to deceiveだます other people I could tellわかる he was only *pretendingふりをする to 
read, because his book was ［upside down］逆さまな. pretendふりをする
deceiveだます  tellわかる (282)
blame  to think or say that someone or something 
is responsible責任がある for something bad The politician政治家 was *blamed非難された for not 
［carrying out］実行する his ［campaign promises］選挙公約. blame非難する
responsible責任がある  politician政治家
carry out実行する campaign promise選挙公約 (283)
stimulus something that causes起こす a change or a 
reaction反応 in a human, an animal or a plant There is a decrease減少 ［in response 
to］…に対する a *stimulus刺激 after being   repeatedly繰り返して exposedさらされた to it. stimulus刺激
cause起こす  reaction反応
decrease減少 in response to …に対する
repeatedly繰り返して  exposeさらす (284)
desert  a large area of dry land that is 
usually covered覆われた with sand砂 The smooth surface表面 of the 
*desert砂漠 makes it possible   for camels to transport輸送する goods商品 easily. desert砂漠
surface表面  transport輸送する
goods商品 (285)
rural  ［far away from］…から遠く離れた large cities
When you travel to *rural田舎の Japan, the impacts影響 of population人口 
decline減少 become apparent明らかな. rural田舎の
far away from …から遠く離れた impact影響
population人口  decline減少
apparent明らかな (286)
complain  to say that something is not satisfactory満足できる ［So far as I am concerned］私に関する限り, 
I have nothing to *complain苦情を言う of. complain苦情を言う
satisfactory満足できる  so far as I am concerned 私に関する限り (287)
establish  to start an organization組織 or company会社 in such a 
way that it is likely to last存続する for a long time Japan contributed貢献した greatly 
toward…に向けて *establishing設立する   the International Year of the Volunteer. establish設立する
organization組織  company会社
last存続する contribute貢献する (288)
cliff a large area of rock with a very steep急な side  Mr. Brown looked over the *cliff崖 and found he 
was standing at the edge端 of a vertical垂直な drop. cliff崖
steep急な  edge端
vertical垂直な (289)
tide  the regular定期的な rise and fall in 
the level of the sea on the shore海岸 Understanding *tides潮流 and currents海流 will help   you stay safe if you like 
to go swimming in the sea. tide潮流
regular定期的な  shore海岸
current海流 (290)
abroad  to a foreign country Bill had to leave his family behind 
when he went *abroad外国に to work. abroad外国に (291)
register  to put information about someone 
or something on an official公式の list All vehicles車両, new and used, must be 
*registered登録される before operating運転する them. register登録する
official公式の  vehicle車両 (292)
breathe  to take air into your lungs肺 and let it out again
Certain individuals, whether children or adults, have a tendency傾向 to *breathe呼吸する through 
the mouth ［instead of］…の代わりに the nose. breathe呼吸する
lung肺 tendency傾向
instead of …の代わりに (293)
courage  the quality資質 to do something dangerous 
or difficult without showing fear恐怖心 It took必要だった ［a great deal of］多大な *courage勇気 for   the early explorers探検家 to ［set 
sail］出航する for distant遠くの places. courage勇気
quality資質  fear恐怖心 a great deal of 多大な
explorer探検家  set sail出航する
distant遠くの (294)
leisure  time when you can relaxくつろぐ and do things 
you enjoy without working or studying ［Due to］…により the *leisure余暇 
［brought about］もたらされた by technology,   many people have the problem of 
adapting適応する to a new way of life. leisure余暇
relaxくつろぐ  due to …により
bring aboutもたらす adapt適応する (295)
thin having a small distance距離 
between opposite反対の sides  Shabu-shabu is a deliciousおいしい Japanese dish 
consistingなる of *thin薄い slices of meat or fish. thin薄い  distance距離
opposite反対の deliciousおいしい
consistなる (296)
equip to provide提供する a person or thing with 
necessary必要な tools or equipment機器  Consumers消費者 prefer好む to purchase購入する a 
computer *equipped装備された with a touch screen. equip装備する
provide提供する  necessary必要な
equipment機器 prefer好む
purchase購入する (297)
regulate to control制御する something by using rules  Gun laws法 in the United States *regulate規制する 
the sale, possession所持, and use of firearms. regulate規制する
control制御する  possession所持
law法 (298)
donation  the act行為 of giving money or goods品物 in 
order to help a person or organization組織 This botanical garden植物園 was established設立された 
in 2000 from citizen市民 *donations寄付. donation寄付  act行為
goods品物 organization組織
establish設立する (299)
entrance the place where you can enter入る 
a room, building or place  The high security警備 at the *entrance入口 
prevented us from going into the building. entrance入口
enter入る  security警備 (300)
promising  likely to be successful成功した or good in the future Given…を考慮すると the ocean’s power, wave波 energy seems 
a *promising有望な source源 of renewable再生可能な energy. promising有望な
successful成功した  given …を考慮すると
wave波 source源
renewable再生可能な (301)
scold to angrily怒って criticize批判する someone 
who has done something wrong  It seems that there is an unspoken暗黙の rule 
that you can’t *scold叱る another person’s child. scold叱る
angrily怒って  criticize批判する (302)
expire  to be ［no longer］もはや…でない legally合法的に used because the period期間 of time during which it 
could be used has ［come to an end］終了する  I have to get my ［commuter pass］通勤定期 
renewed更新させる because it *expires 無効になるtomorrow. expire 無効になる
no   longer もはや…でない
legally合法的に period期間
renew更新する (303)
respect a feeling that someone or something is important
People in big cities seldomめったに…しない talk to strangers ［out of］…から *respect敬意 
for the privacy of others. respect敬意
seldomめったに…しない (304)
shame  the feeling of embarrassment困惑 that you have when 
you have done something wrong間違った or stupid愚かな There’s no *shame恥 in ［reaching 
out for］…を求める professional help. shame恥
embarrassment困惑 stupid愚かな
reach out for …を求める (305)
intelligent  having the ability能力 to think, understand, and learn things quickly and well
Human skulls頭蓋骨 contain内蔵する brains脳 around three times as large as those of 
even the most *intelligent頭のいい apes類人猿. intelligent頭のいい  ability能力
skull頭蓋骨 contain内蔵する
brain脳 (306)
survive to continue続ける to live ［in spite 
of］…にかかわらず difficult circumstances状況  Human beings have *survived生き残った ［so far］これまで 
but could now be risking危険にさらす their future. survive生き残る
in spite of …にかかわらず circumstance状況
so farこれまで (307)
confess to admit認める that you have done 
something wrong or illegal違法な  When the police questioned him, 
he broke down and *confessed自白した. confess自白する  admit認める
illegal違法な (308)
flow  the steady着実な and continuous継続した 
movement of goods商品, people, or information from one place to another  Europe has long been a popular destination目的地 
in global migration移住 *flows流れ. flow流れ
steady着実な  continuous継続した
goods商品 destination目的地
migration移住 (309)
triumph a great success成功, achievement達成 or victory  Let me congratulate祝う you on your 
*triumph大勝利 in the tournament. triumph大勝利
success成功  achievement達成
congratulate祝う (310)
trivial  having little importance重要性 or value価値 There are so many reasons why people 
fight over…をめぐって *trivial些細な things. trivial些細な
importance重要性 value価値 (311)
compose to ［come together］集まる to form形成する something  A water molecule分子 is *composed構成される of two 
hydrogen水素 atoms原子 and one oxygen酸素 atom. compose構成する
come together 集まる  form形成する
molecule分子 (312)
sink  to disappear消える below…の下 the surface表面 of water
Over a hundred years ago, the Titanic *sank沈んだ to the bottom底 of the Atlantic 
Ocean in less than three hours. sink沈む
disappear消える surface表面
bottom底 (313)
exception a person or thing that is not 
included含まれた in a rule, group, or pattern There is no rule but has some *exceptions例外. exception例外
include含む (314)
journey  an act行為 of travelling移動する 
from one place to another During the rest残り of that day there was no   other adventure冒険 to disrupt乱す 
the peace of their *journey旅. journey旅
act行為  travel移動する
adventure冒険 disrupt乱す (315)
peculiar strange奇妙な or unusual普通でない, 
often in an unpleasant不快な wayあり方  When you sit in the car after it has been 
parked駐車された in the sun for a few hours, you’ll notice気づく a *peculiar特有の smell in the car. peculiar特有の strange奇妙な
unpleasant不快な (316)
obey to do what a law or rule says you must do  Drivers always have to strictly厳格に 
*obey従う the speed limit制限 of the road. obey従う  strictly厳格に
limit制限 (317)
deserve  to do something that bringsもたらす a 
particular reaction反応 or reward報酬 The judges審査員 all agreed that 
the group *deserved値した the top   prize賞for their amazing驚くべき performance演技. deserve値する
reaction反応  reward報酬 judge審査員
prize賞  amazing驚くべき
performance演技 (318)
obligation  something that you must do for 
legal法的な or moral道徳的な reasons Helping the poor貧しい人々 has been considered 
an *obligation義務 by major主要な religions宗教. obligation義務
legal法的な  moral道徳的な
the poor貧しい人々 major主要な
religion宗教 (319)
noise a loudやかましい or unpleasant不快な sound  When *noise騒音 becomes irritatingいらいらする or 
harmful有害な, it is considered pollution公害. noise騒音
loudやかましい  unpleasant不快な
irritatingいらいらする harmful有害な
pollution公害 (320) fragile
easily broken or damaged  A new study研究 shows that business 
friendships are *fragile壊れやすい. fragile壊れやすい
study研究 (321)
postpone to arrange手配する for something to 
［take place］行われる at a later time  All things considered, the chorus club 
decided to *postpone延期する its winter concert. postpone延期する
arrange手配する  take place 行われる (322)
pour  to spend費やす time or money on something Investors投資家 tend傾向がある to *pour注ぎ込む 
money in as markets near a peak. pour注ぎ込む
spend費やす investor投資家
tend傾向がある (323)
boom an increase増加 in popularity人気
Many of the castles in Japan   are crowded混雑した with ［quite a few］かなりの young 
people because of the recent history *boomブーム. boomブーム
increase増加  popularity人気
crowded混雑した quite a fewかなりの (324)
plain easy to recognize認識する or understand
That he was tired was *plain明白な to see. plain明白な
recognize認識する (325)
accordingly showing a fact or situation that 
［is based on］…に基づく something  Consumers’ tastes嗜好 vary様々である, and markets 
meet満たす their demands需要 *accordinglyそれに従って. accordinglyそれに従って
based on …に基づく  taste嗜好
vary様々である meet満たす
demand需要 (326)
adapt to change your behavior行動 and attitudes態度 in order 
to ［deal with］対処する a new situation successfullyうまく ［Even if］たとえ immigrants移民 work very 
hard in their new country, they might   find it difficult to *adapt適応させる 
themselves to the new culture. adapt適応させる
behavior行動  attitude態度
deal with対処する even ifたとえ
immigrant移民 (327)
associate to make a connectionつながり between 
different people or things  The ［green house effect］温室効果 is thought to be 
*associated関連づけられる with ［global warming］地球温暖化. associate関連づける
connectionつながり  green house effect温室効果
global warming地球温暖化 (328)
exhibition  a collection収集物 of paintings, photographs, 
or other objects that are shown to the public Art criticism批評 will enable可能にする the viewer 
to appreciate鑑賞する an *exhibition展示 better. exhibition展示
criticism批評  enable可能にする
appreciate鑑賞する (329)
conference  a large formal正式な meeting where a lot of 
people discuss議論する a particular subject主題 A *conference会議 was held to discuss 
the variousさまざまな benefits利点 of using   insects昆虫 as an alternative代替の source源 
of food to pigs, chickens, and cows. conference会議
formal正式な  discuss議論する
variousさまざまな benefit利点
insect昆虫  alternative代替の
source源 (330)
punctual  doing something or arriving somewhere at 
exactly正確に the time that has been arranged手配された Trains in Japan are 
incredibly信じられないほど *punctual時間に正確な. punctual時間に正確な
exactly正確に arrange手配する
incredibly信じられないほど (331)
differ to be different from each other  Some people ［are apt to］…する傾向がある 
consider their own way of life as being the normal正常な one and to［look down 
on］見下す life-styles that *differ異なる from it. differ異なる
be apt to …する傾向がある  normal正常な
look down on 見下す (332)
monitor  to watch and check調べる something 
carefully注意深く over…にわたって ［period of time］一定期間 Watching TV programs can be good for the education 
of children if it is carefully *monitored監視される. monitor監視する
check調べる  carefully注意深く
a period of time一定期間 (333)
access  the opportunity機会 or right権利 to use something Three of five people in the world still 
do not have *accessアクセス to the Internet. accessアクセス
opportunity機会  right権利 (334)
temptation  a feeling of wanting to do or 
have something that is bad for you You must not yield屈する to *temptation誘惑. temptation誘惑
yield屈する (335)
suspicious  thinking that someone might be involved関与する 
in a crime犯罪 or some dishonest不正な activity The detective刑事 thinks the man he 
interviewed面談した today is *suspicious疑わしい. suspicious疑わしい
involve関与する  crime犯罪
dishonest不正な interview面談する (336)
tackle to try to ［deal with］対処する a 
problem in a determined断固たる way  Michael *tackles取り組む tough難しい problems ［on a daily 
basis］日常的に, but he always finds solutions解決策. tackle取り組む
deal with対処する  determined断固たる
tough難しい on a daily basis日常的に
solution解決策 (337)
imitate to copy真似する someone or something  Video games may make children 
*imitate模倣する improper不適切な behavior行動. imitate模倣する
copy真似する  improper不適切な
behavior行動 (338)
impact  the effect影響 that something 
has on someone or something Many studies研究 point to the negative *impacts影響 
of social media on ［mental health］精神衛生. impact影響
effect影響  study研究
mental health精神衛生 (339)
literature  written works, especially those 
considered to have value価値 as art ［As is often the case with］…ではよくある *literature文学,   Herman Melville was recognized認められた for 
his best work long after it was written. literature文学
value価値  as is often the case with …ではよくある
recognize認める (340)
eager  wanting to do something very much
After getting out of college, graduates are *eager熱望して to join an organization組織 where 
they will be able to utilize活用する their skills. eager熱望して  organization組織
utilize活用する (341)
disappoint  to make someone feel unhappy by 
not being as good as expected期待された The company会社 president社長 was *disappointed失望させられた 
with the poor performance of her new secretary秘書. disappoint失望させる
company会社  president社長
secretary秘書 (342)
frustrate  to make you feel annoyedいらいらした or angry 
because you cannot do what you want One of the reasons customers 
get *frustratedいらだたせられる about   long wait times is that they’re on 
their feet or stuck動かない in place. frustrateいらだたせる
annoyいらいらさせる (343)
communication the process過程 of exchanging information or ideas  To improve改善する *communication意思疎通, it is important 
to recognize認識する differences in values価値観. communication意思疎通
process過程  improve改善する
recognize認識する (344)
eternal  lasting続く forever The hotel can organize企画する a special ceremony式 
to exchange vows誓い of *eternal永遠の love. eternal永遠の
last続く  organize企画する
ceremony式 vow誓い (345)
precisely exactly
It’s not easy to define sleep *precisely正確に. precisely正確に (346)
correct to make something right
Admitting認める and *correcting訂正する   mistakes does not make you look weak; 
it actually実際に makes you look stronger. correct訂正する  admit認める
actually実際に (347)
stare  to look at someone or something for 
a long time without moving your eyes *Staring見つめる at the sun without proper適切な 
eye protection保護 is a clearly bad idea. stare見つめる
proper適切な  protection保護 (348)
fate  the things that happen to someone or something, especially in a way that cannot 
be prevented防ぐ or changed  The *fate運命 of the many 
homeless dogs is tragic悲劇的な. fate運命
prevent防ぐ  tragic悲劇的な (349)
fever  a medical condition in which the temperature温度 
of your body is higher than normal正常な My grandmother always said you should sweat汗をかく to   reduce下げる the *fever熱 when 
you have the fluインフルエンザ. fever熱
temperature温度  normal正常な
reduce下げる (350)
upset  unhappy or disappointed失望した because 
something unpleasant不快な has happened Bruce was terriblyひどく *upset落ち込んだ 
when his girlfriend left him,   but he soon ［got over］乗り越えた it. upset落ち込んだ  disappoint失望させる
unpleasant不快な terriblyひどく
get over乗り越える (351)
quit to choose選ぶ to leaveやめる your job
Permanent無期の employees従業員 remain   employed雇用された until they are 
fired解雇される or choose to *quitやめる. quitやめる  choose選ぶ
leaveやめる permanent無期の
employee従業員  employ雇用する
fire解雇する (352)
illustrate  to make the meaning of something 
clearer by using examples This picture *illustrates例示する a method方法 of 
protection防御 utilized使われる by many animals. illustrate例示する
method方法  protection防御
utilize使う (353)
genius  an exceptionally並外れて talented才能ある person Can hard work and sincere真摯な effort努力 
beat勝つ inborn生まれながらの *genius天才? genius天才 exceptionally並外れて
talented才能ある  sincere真摯な
effort努力 beat勝つ
inborn生まれながらの (354)
witness someone who saw a crime犯罪 or an accident and 
is able to describe説明する it to other people Police are appealing求める for *witnesses目撃者 
after a large sum額 of cash現金 was stolen. witnesses目撃者  crime犯罪
describe説明する appeal求める
cash現金 (355)
temporary existing存在する for only a 
limited限られた period期間 of time  More and more companies会社 have tried to 
hire雇用する *temporary臨時の workers lately. temporary臨時の
exist存在する  limited限られた
period期間 company会社
hire雇用する (356)
reflect to show the nature性質 of something
A great movie usually *reflects反映する   its director’s監督の creative創造的な vision視点 
in the story or in the way it is told. reflect反映する
nature性質  creative創造的な
vision視点 (357)
confuse  to think wrongly誤って that a person or 
thing is someone or something else It is commonよくある for people to 
*confuse混同する fact and opinion. confuse混同する wrongly誤って
commonよくある (358)
religion the belief信念 in the existence存在 of a god or gods  Many *religions宗教 forbid禁止する alcoholic 
consumption消費 or see it as sinful罪深い. religion宗教
belief信念  existence存在
forbid禁止する consumption消費
sinful罪深い (359)
anxiety the feeling of being very worried心配な 
that something is going to happen  A job interview面接 can make even the most 
confident自信のある person tremble震える with *anxiety不安. anxiety不安
worried心配な  interview面接
interview面接 confident自信のある
tremble震える (360)
subtle not immediatelyすぐに   noticeable気づくことができる or obvious明らかな
Despite…にかかわらず similarities類似性, there are *subtle微妙な differences 
between a cult and a religion宗教. subtle微妙な
immediatelyすぐに noticeable気づくことができる
obvious明らかな  despite …にかかわらず
similarity類似性 religion宗教 (361)
spare to make something such as time or 
money available使える for something  Susan gave up her job, so she 
has a lot of time to *spare割く. spare割く
available使える (362)
identify to recognize認識する someone or something 
and say who or what they are  ［The number of］…の数 claws爪 is important 
in *identifying識別する a wolf’s footprint足跡. identify識別する
recognize認識する  the number of …の数 (363)
humidity  the amount量 of water contained含まれる in the air The effects影響 of *humidity湿度 on the human 
body can be profound深刻な and numerous多数の. humidity湿度
amount量  contain含む
effect影響 profound深刻な
numerous多数の (364)
inferior not as good as something else  Processed加工された foods are in some way *inferior劣った 
to their unprocessed加工されていない counterparts同等の物. inferior劣った  process 加工する
counterpart同等の物 (365)
accidentally  in a way that was not planned or intended意図された
*Accidentally偶然に eating meat is the worst thing that can happen to you 
if you’re a vegetarian菜食主義者. accidentally偶然に intend意図する
vegetarian菜食主義者 (366)
sponsor to pay the costs費用 of a particular event in order 
to advertise広告する your products製品 or services The event was *sponsored後援された 
by several local businesses企業. sponsor後援する
cost費用 advertise広告する
product製品 (367)
vanish to disappear消える suddenly  What would become of our planet惑星 
if humans人類 were to *vanish消滅する? vanish消滅する
disappear消える  planet惑星
human人類 (368)
attraction  an interesting or enjoyable place to visit
Located位置して 30 km from Paris, the theme park offers you many *attractions呼び物 
that will entertain楽しませる your family. attraction呼び物
located位置して entertain楽しませる (369)
representative a person who has been chosen to act 
or speak ［on behalf of］…を代表して a group The *representatives代表 made a plan for the school 
festival, and the other students carried it out. representative代表
on behalf of …を代表して (370)  outstanding
remarkable The story was *outstanding傑出した, but his acting 
was ［anything but］…にほど遠い excellent素晴らしい. outstanding傑出した  anything but …にほど遠い
excellent素晴らしい (371)
investigate  to try to discover発見する all the facts 
about something such as a crime犯罪, accident, or scientific problem
Not even one percent of the species種 in today’s rainforests熱帯雨林 have been 
*investigated調査された by researchers研究者. investigate調査する
discover発見する  crime犯罪
species種 rainforest熱帯雨林
researcher研究者 (372)
reject to refuse拒む to accept受け入れる something such 
as a proposal提案, a request要求, or an offer申し出 Although he had a lot of experience in teaching,   John’s application応募 for the position of 
full-time professor was *rejected拒絶された. reject拒絶する
refuse拒む  accept受け入れる
proposal提案 request要求
offer申し出  application応募 (373)
competition  a situation in which people or groups try to be 
more successful成功した than other people or groups Fierce激しい *competition競争 between companies in the   airline industry産業 had led to lower 
prices and improved向上した services. competition競争
successful成功した  fierce激しい
industry産業 improve向上させる (374)
conscience a guilty罪悪の feeling about 
something bad you have done  He struggled苦しんだ with his *conscience良心 
after he committed犯した the crime犯罪. conscience良心
guilty罪悪の  struggle苦しむ
commit犯す crime犯罪 (375)
loyal remaining firm堅固な in your 
support支援 of someone or something  The bond絆 between a *loyal忠実な dog and a 
caring思いやりのある owner is unbreakable壊れない, even between life and death. loyal忠実な
firm堅固な support支援
bond絆  caring思いやりのある (376)
resemble  to be similar類似した to something
Of all preserved保存された foods, frozen foods most *resemble似ている fresh foods. resemble似ている similar類似した
preserve保存する (377)
appoint to officially正式に choose選ぶ 
someone for a job or position役職  She became the first woman 
*appointed任命された to the U.S. Supreme Court. appoint任命する
officially正式に  choose選ぶ (378)
suburb  a residential住宅の area that is 
outside the center of a city Would you prefer好む living in 
the city, *suburbs郊外 or country? suburb郊外 residential住宅の
prefer好む (379)
discrimination the practice行為 of treating扱う one person or group 
of people unfairly不当に because of their sex, race人種, religion宗教, or other personal features特徴
There is a large movement運動 against *discrimination差別 ［on the basis 
of］…にもとづく race in that country. discrimination差別
practice行為 treat扱う
unfairly不当に  race人種
religion宗教 feature特徴
movement運動  on the basis of …にもとづく (380)
ordinary  normal普通の and not unusual or special in any way
The recent rise in the price of land have meant that *ordinary普通の people can ［no longer］もはや…でない 
afford余裕がある to buy houses of their own. ordinary普通の
normal普通の  no longerもはや…でない
afford余裕がある (381)
confirm  to show that something is definitely間違いなく true It has yet to be *confirmed確認された whether 
there are any survivors生存者 of the accident. confirm確認する  definitely間違いなく
survivor生存者 (382)
distribute  to deliver届ける something to 
a large number of people For centuries newspapers were printed on 
paper and *distributed配布された to readers. distribute配布する
deliver届ける (383)
combination a mixture混合 of different things or people  Jazz fusion is a *combination組み合わせ 
of rock and jazz. combination組み合わせ
mixture混合 (384)
moderate neither large nor small in amount量, size,   strength強さ, or degree程度
You should…のはずだ be able to ［carry on］続ける a conversation会話 if you 
are doing a *moderate適度な exercise運動. moderate適度な
amount量 strength強さ
degree程度  carry on 続ける
conversation会話 exercise運動 (385)
regularly oftenしばしば
In most supermarkets, foods   which people buy *regularly日常的に may be located置かれる 
in different parts of the store ［on purpose］意図的に. regularly日常的に
on purpose 意図的に (386)
crawl  to move on your hands and knees
When the rocks have finallyようやく stopped falling, we *crawled這った out of the cave洞窟. crawl這う
finallyようやく (387)
award  to officially正式に give someone a prize賞
Mr. Suzuki is a top salesperson for a cosmetics company who has been *awarded授賞された 
many prizes for his performance実績. award授賞する
officially正式に prize賞
performance実績 (388)
dispute an argument議論 or disagreement不同意 
between people, groups or countries A meeting of the two nations’ ［foreign   ministers］外務大臣 finally ［put an 
end to］…を終わらせる the *dispute紛争. dispute紛争
argument議論  disagreement不同意
minister大臣 put an end to …を終わらせる (389)
measure an official action that is ［carried 
out］実行される to achieve達成する a particular purpose To improve改善する business performance, the company 
decided to resort訴える to drastic思い切った *measures手段. measure手段
carry out実行する  achieve達成する
improve改善する resort訴える
drastic思い切った (390)
thick having a large distance距離 
between opposite反対の sides  *Thick厚い eyeglasses sometimes make you feel 
like the weight of the world is on your nose. thick厚い  distance距離
opposite反対の (391)
worry  to make someone feel anxious不安な 
about someone or something It never occurred to me that my 
actions had *worried心配させた my parents. worry心配させる
anxious不安な (392)
spoil  to allow許す a child to do everything that they want Is it ［child abuse］児童虐待 for parents 
to *spoil甘やかす their children too much? spoil甘やかす
allow許す  child abuse 児童虐待 (393)
justice  the fair公正な treatment扱い of people Throughout history, many individuals have 
fought for *justice正義 and equality平等. justice正義
fair公正な  treatment扱い
equality平等 (394)
temper  the usual attitude態度 or mood気分 of a person I can’t ［put up with］我慢する 
her *temper気性 any longer. temper気性
attitude態度 mood気分
put up with 我慢する (395)
thirsty feeling a need to drink something  The soldiers兵士 became desperatelyひどく 
*thirsty喉が渇いた in the heat暑さ. thirsty喉が渇いた
soldier兵士  desperatelyひどく (396)
punish  to make someone suffer苦しむ because they 
have done something wrong or illegal違法な He was *punished罰せられた for selling 
violent暴力的な video games to minors未成年. punish罰する
suffer苦しむ illegal違法な
violent暴力的な  minor未成年 (397)
respond  to say or do something as a reaction反応 
to something that has been said or done The ability to interpret解釈する the 
signals given by other people,   and to *respond反応する effectively効果的に, is 
clearly important for success成功 in life. respond反応する
reaction反応  interpret解釈する
effectively効果的に success成功 (398)
individual a person considered separately別に from the group  Whether or not a task仕事 is pleasant楽しい 
［depends on］…による the *individual個人. individual個人
separately別に  task仕事
pleasant楽しい depend on …による (399)
trade the activity活動 of buying, selling, or 
exchanging交換する goods商品 between people or countries International *trade貿易 allows可能にする countries 
to buy what we want from other countries. trade貿易  activity活動
exchange交換する goods商品
allow可能にする (400)
radical believing that big social社会的な and 
political政治的な changes are necessary必要な *Radical急進的な Islam is not only a 
religion宗教 but also a political movement運動. radical急進的な
social社会的な  political政治的な
necessary必要な religion宗教
movement運動  (401)
benefit to be useful有用な to you or improve改善する your life
Physical肉体的な activity in your childhood, such as playing sports and exercising, can greatly 
*benefit利益をもたらす your health when you are older. benefit利益をもたらす
useful有用な  improve改善する
physical肉体的な (402)
capture  to catch someone or something The thief泥棒 was nearly *captured捕らえられた 
by the police but managed to escape. capture捕らえる
thief泥棒 (403)
means a method方法 for doing something  Computers were a *means手段 for the 
girls, but an end目的 for the boys. means手段
method方法  end目的 (404)
receipt  a piece of paper which shows that 
you have paid for goods商品 or services After you pay a bill請求書, you are given a 
*receipt領収証 to show that you have paid. receipt領収証
goods商品  bill請求書 (405)
superior  better than someone or something else
With their *superior優れた fuel economy燃費 and performance性能, hybrid vehicles 
will likely increase増す in popularity. superior優れた
fuel economy燃費  performance性能
increase増す (406)
apologize  to tell someone that you are 
sorry for doing something wrong Learn how to acknowledge認める your mistakes 
and appropriately適切に *apologize謝る. apologize謝る  acknowledge認める
appropriately適切に (407)
miss  to arrive too late for something 
such as a plane or train We had better leave soon, otherwiseさもなければ 
we will *miss乗り遅れる the train. miss乗り遅れる
otherwiseさもなければ (408)
discipline  the practice行為 of making people obey従う 
rules and punishing罰する them if they do not Do school uniforms制服 promote促進する 
*discipline規律 and a ［sense of belonging］帰属感? discipline規律
practice行為 obey従う  punish罰する
promote促進する (409)
myth  something that many people believe but 
that does not exist存在する or is not true It is a *myth神話 that all men are born equal平等に. myth神話 exist存在する
equal平等に (410)
acceptable considered to be reasonable合理的な 
or normal正常な by most people  In most cases, students can 
determine決める what clothing服装 is *acceptable受け入れられる to wear to school. acceptable受け入れられる
reasonable合理的な normal正常な (411)
exhaust to make you very tired either 
physically肉体的に or mentally精神的に  We were all *exhausted疲れ果てた after ten-kilometer 
run, so our coach gave us a break休憩. exhaust疲れ果てさせる
physically肉体的に  mentally精神的に
break休憩 (412)
hesitate  to pauseためらう before doing something, usually because you are not 
sure確かな that it is appropriate適切な  If you suspect疑う you have cancer癌, 
don’t *hesitate躊躇する to see the doctor. hesitate躊躇する
pauseためらう  sure確かな
appropriate適切な suspect疑う
cancer癌 (413)
category a group of people or things that are similar類似した  His music does not fit収まる easily 
into the *category範疇 of jazz. category範疇
similar類似した  fit収まる (414)
habitat  the place where a particular type of 
animal or plant normally lives or grows Many endangered絶滅危惧の species種 are threatened瀕した   with extinction絶滅 ［due to］…により loss喪失 
of *habitats生息地 such as rainforests熱帯雨林. habitat生息地
endangered絶滅危惧の  species種
threaten脅かす extinction絶滅
due to …により  loss喪失
rainforest熱帯雨林 (415)
virtual  made to appear見える to exist存在する 
using computers or the Internet Can *virtual仮想の reality現実 be a 
substitute代替物 for real life experiences? virtual仮想の
appear見える  exist存在する
reality現実 substitute代替物 (416)
impress to make you feel admiration称賛 or 
interest興味 for someone or something  The audience聴衆 was *impressed感動させられた 
by the pianist’s amazing驚くべき technique. impress感動させる
admiration称賛  interest興味
audience聴衆 amazing驚くべき (417)
extend to make something last続く longer  Could I *extend延長する the 
rental period期間 for the car? extend延長する  last続く
period期間 (418)
interaction  a process過程 by which two or more people or things 
communicate意思疎通する with or affect影響する each other Translation翻訳 has played a central role役割 in 
human *interaction相互交流 for thousands of years. interaction相互交流
process過程  communicate意思疎通する
affect影響する translation翻訳
role役割 (419)
correspondence the letters someone sends and receives  For centuries, the only form形態 of 
written *correspondence書簡 was the letter. correspondence書簡
form形態 (420)
exact correct正しい in every detail詳細
Knowing an *exact正確な number   of intended意図された party guests will 
help make your party planning easier. exact正確な
correct正しい  detail詳細
intend意図する (421)
attempt  to try to do something difficult
Any adult who has *attempted試みた to learn a foreign language knows how 
difficult and confusing紛らわしい it can be. attempt試みる
confusing紛らわしい (422)
delight to give someone a lot of pleasure喜び
I’m so *delighted喜んだ to ［hear   from］連絡があるone of my high school classmates. delight喜ばせる
pleasure喜び  hear from 連絡がある (423)
prestige  the respect尊敬 and admiration称賛 that someone or something has because of their 
success成功 or importance in society  Is the *prestige名声 of hosting開催するthe 
Olympics ［on the decline］低下している? prestige名声
respect尊敬  admiration称賛
success成功 host開催する
on the decline 低下している (424)
symptom a signしるし in your body or mind which 
shows that you have a particular illness病気 The stress *symptoms症状 many of the 
programmers had was depressionうつ病. symptoms症状
signしるし illness病気
depressionうつ病 (425)
conventional following従う the way something 
has been done for a long time  Electric cars ［do away with］廃止する many of 
the mechanical systems that prompt引き起こす consumer消費者 complaints不満 
about *conventional従来の cars. conventional従来の
follow従う do away with 廃止する
prompt引き起こす  consumer消費者
complaint不満 (426)
distinguish  to recognize認識する and understand the 
difference違い between people or things By observing観察する many friends,   you’ll gain skills技能 to *distinguish区別する 
trustworthy信頼できる people from others. distinguish区別する
recognize認識する  difference違い
observe観察する skill技能
trustworthy信頼できる (427)
fascinate to attract惹きつける and interest興味をそそる you very much
For thousands of years, humans have been *fascinated魅了された by the 
planets惑星 in our solar system太陽系. fascinate魅了する
attract惹きつける interest興味をそそる
planet惑星  solar system太陽系 (428)
trend  a general一般的な tendency傾向 in which a 
situation is changing or developing発展する ［According to］…によれば this magazine, next summer is 
sure to bring new fashion *trends傾向 from Europe. trend傾向
general一般的な  tendency傾向
develop発展する according to …によれば (429)
formation the way in which a group of people or things are 
arranged並べられる to form形成する a particular shape形 Anyone watching the autumn sky knows that 
migrating birds渡り鳥 fly in a “V” *formation隊形. formation隊形
arrange並べる  form形成する
shape形 (430)
neutral  not supporting支持する any side in a 
dispute紛争, war戦争, or competition競争 Both parties当事者 involved関与する in the 
dispute agree to use a *neutral中立の   third party第三者 to help solve解決する the dispute. neutral中立の
support支持する  dispute紛争
competition競争 party当事者  involve関与する
solve解決する (431)
approve  to officially正式に agree to something 
such as a plan, request要求, etc. The Houston City Council has 
unanimously満場一致で *approved承認した   a Sister City Agreement between 
Houston, Texas and Basrah, Iraq. approve承認する
officially正式に  request要求
unanimously満場一致で (432)
cooperate  to work with someone to 
achieve達成する the same purpose As a member of the international community,   each country has a duty義務 to 
*cooperate協力する with other nations. cooperate協力する
achieve達成する  duty義務 (433)
profit  an amount額 of money that you gain得る in business
The lure誘惑 of huge巨大な *profits利益 drove駆り立てた them into a crime犯罪 which 
eventually最終的に led them into prison刑務所. profit利益
amount額 gain得る
lure誘惑  huge巨大な
crime犯罪 eventually最終的に (434)
patience the ability能力 to stay calm冷静な and not to get angry  If he had had a little more *patience忍耐力, 
Mr. Lee would not have left辞める his company会社. patience忍耐力  ability能力
calm冷静な leave辞める
company会社 (435)
content happy and satisfied満足した 
with something that you have  The ambitious野心的な young are not 
*content満足した with a small success成功. content満足した
satisfied満足した  ambitious野心的な
success成功 (436)
oppose  to disagree同意しない with something 
and to try to change or stop it There are many reasons to *oppose反対する 
the use of nuclear原子力の energy. oppose反対する disagree同意しない
nuclear原子力の (437)
pray to speak to God in order to 
give thanks or to ask for help  This park is considered a sacred神聖な place where 
we can *pray祈る for the souls魂 of the dead死者. pray祈る
sacred神聖な  soul魂 (438)
belief  a strong feeling that 
something exists存在する or is true Forget the common一般的な *belief信念 that you have 
to suffer苦しむ in order to make progress進歩. belief信念
exist存在する  common一般的な suffer苦しむ
progress進歩 (439)
capacity ［the number of］…の数 people that a building, room,   or vehicle車両 can hold収容する
Each bus is required求められる to post掲示する the maximum最大の seating 
*capacity定員 at the front of the vehicle. capacity定員  the number of …の数
vehicle車両 hold収容する
require求める  post掲示する
maximum最大の (440)
legal  allowed許された by law法 The Supreme Court made same-sex marriage 
*legal合法の throughout the United States. legal合法の
law法 (441)
represent to officially公式に speak or do something ［on 
behalf of］…を代表して a person or group of people ［Labor unions］労働組合 exist存在する for 
a wide variety of professions職業,   *representing 代表するeveryone from 
construction建設 workers to doctors. represent 代表する
officially公式に  on behalf of …を代表して
profession職業 construction建設 (442)
urge to advise助言する someone to do something
He *urges促す students to value大切にする the process過程 of thinking, and not 
just getting the “right” answer. urge促す
advise助言する value大切にする
process過程 (443)
evolution the process過程 that plants植物 and 
animals develop発達する and change   gradually徐々に overわたって a long period of time
Darwin’s theory理論 of *evolution進化 by ［natural selection］自然選択 is based基づく much of what 
he discovered in the Galapagos Islands. evolution進化
process過程  plant植物
develop発達する gradually徐々に
theory理論  natural selection自然選択 (444)
poverty  the state状態 of being poor
It is mainly主に the rapid急速な increase増加 of population人口 which 
causes起こす the *poverty貧困 in that country. poverty貧困
state状態 mainly主に
rapid急速な  increase増加
population人口 cause起こす (445)
worth having a particular value  The price is ［by no means］決して…でない cheap 
but the room is *worth価値ある the price. worth価値ある
by no means決して…でない (446)
appreciate to be grateful感謝して for something
I would *appreciate感謝する it if you   would give me some information on your products製品. appreciate感謝する
grateful感謝して  product製品 (447)
enroll  to become an official公式の member of something
In Japan, ［regardless of］…に関係なく nationality国籍, all children have the rights権利 to *enroll加入する 
in public schools ［free of charge］無料で. enroll加入する
official公式の  regardless of …に関係なく
nationality国籍 right権利
free of charge無料で (448)
reward something that you are given because 
you have done something good or helpful  Studying hard in school might not give high 
school students any immediate即座の *rewards報酬. reward報酬
immediate即座の (449)
routine the things you regularly日常的に do
Technology has altered変えた morning   *routinesお決まり仕事 of many American families. routineお決まり仕事
regularly日常的に  alter変える (450)
flexible  able to change to adapt適応する to 
new conditions or situations Are *flexible柔軟な working hours 
practical現実的な for small businesses? flexible柔軟な
adapt適応する practical現実的な  (451)
found to start something such as an organization組織, 
company会社, ［political party］政党 etc. ABB Company was *founded設立された by a 
descendant子孫 of a famous samurai from Kyushu. found設立する  organization組織
company会社 political party政党
descendant子孫 (452)
abandon to leave放置する someone or something   you are responsible責任を負う for 
permanently永久に or for a long time The vast majority多数 of *abandoned捨てられた pets 
never make it out of shelters alive生きて. abandon捨てる
leave放置する  responsible責任を負う
permanently永久に majority多数
alive生きて (453)
consent permission許可 to do something  I’m afraid your parents will never give 
their *consent同意 to your trip abroad外国に. consent同意  permission許可
abroad外国に (454)
cure  a medicine薬 or medical treatment治療 that makes a person or an animal 
healthy again after the illness  Dr. Brown ［came up with］思いついた a novel新しい 
*cure治療法 for the fatal致命的な disease病気. cure治療法
medicine薬  treatment治療 come up with 思いつく
novel新しい  fatal致命的な
disease病気 (455)
awkward  not attractive魅力的な or graceful優雅な
He used chopsticks箸 in an *awkwardぎこちない way. awkwardぎこちない
attractive魅力的な  graceful優雅な (456)
consist  to be formed形成される from particular things or people Our residence hall *consists成る of two dormitories寮 
separated分かれた into female女性 and male男性. consist成る
form形成する  dormitory寮
separate分ける female女性
male男性 (457)
release to let something spread広がる  Children need to *release発散する their energy 
for their mental心の and physical身体の health. release発散する
spread広がる  mental心の
physical身体の (458)
merchant  a person who buys and sells goods商品, especially 
one who trades貿易する with other countries The famous explorer探検家 Marco Polo was born 
in the year 1254 to a family of *merchants商人. merchant商人
goods商品  trade貿易する
explorer探検家 (459)
spectator  a person who is watching something, 
especially a sports event Athletes, coaches, and *spectators観衆 
all agree that no one likes to lose. spectator観衆 (460)
conscious noticing that something is present存在する 
or that something is happening  Human beings are hardlyほとんど…でない *conscious意識した 
of their surroundings周囲 while they are asleep. conscious意識した
present存在する  hardlyほとんど…でない
surroundings周囲 (461)
acquire  to learn something
Older people usually find it more difficult to *acquire習得する the new 
skills required必要となる by technological changes. acquire習得する
require必要とする (462)
oversee to watch something in order to 
check調べる that it is done correctly正しく  Architects建築家 should not 
assume引き受ける responsibility責任 to *oversee監督する the construction建設 works. oversee監督する
check調べる correctly正しく  architect建築家
assume引き受ける responsibility責任
construction建設 (463)
pollution the process過程 of making water, 
air, or land, etc. dirty The best way to avoid避ける air *pollution汚染 
is to ［stay away from］…から離れるcar traffic. pollution汚染
process過程  avoid避ける
stay away from …から離れる (464)
account  a written or spoken report of 
something that has happened The novel is not so much a detailed詳細な 
explanation説明 of a historic event as   it is a personal *account記録 of what happened. account記録
detailed詳細な  explanation説明 (465)
enormous  extremely非常に large in size or in amount量 The rainforest熱帯雨林 has an 
*enormous巨大な biodiversity生物多様性. enormous巨大な
extremely非常に amount量  rainforest熱帯雨林
biodiversity生物多様性 (466)
inform  to tell someone about something I *informed知らせた the employees従業員 
of our president’s社長の arrival到着. inform知らせる
employee従業員 president社長
arrival到着 (467)
plant to put a seed種 or plant into the ground 
［so that］~のように it will grow there  *Planting植え付ける date is one of the many factors要因 
that affect影響する crop作物 yield収穫 potential可能性. plant植え付ける
seed種  so that ~のように
factor要因 affect影響する
crop作物  yield収穫
potential可能性 (468)
treatment  ［medical care］医療 given to 
someone who is injured or ill The cost of *treatment治療 at the hospital is much 
lower for those who have ［health insurance］健康保険. treatment治療
medical care医療  health insurance健康保険 (469)
misunderstanding  a failure to understand someone 
or something properly適切に Before you rent賃借する an apartment, find out as much   about it as possible in order that 
there will be no *misunderstanding誤解. misunderstanding誤解
properly適切に  rent賃借する (470)
general  Including含んでいる a lot of things or subjects and 
not restricted限定された to any one thing or area If we want to make ourselves understood 
in English, we need not only good language   skills but also clear thinking and 
a broad幅広い *general一般的な knowledge. general一般的な
include含む  restrict限定する
broad幅広い (471)
guarantee  to promise約束する that something will happen Universal普遍的な ［human rights］人権 are often 
expressed表現される and *guaranteed保証される by law法. guarantee保証する
promise約束する  universal普遍的な
human right人権 express表現する
law法 (472)
occupy to enter a place in a large group, using 
force in order to ［gain control of］…を支配する it A number of territories領土 *occupied占領された by   the United States after 1945 
have been returned to Japan. occupy占領する  gain control of …を支配する
territory領土 (473)
institution  a large important organization組織 
such as a university or bank By using a financial金融の *institution機関, you 
don’t have to carry large amounts of cash現金. institution機関
organization組織  financial金融の
cash現金 (474)
penalty  a punishment罰 for breaking a rule He appealed訴えた to the referee 
for a *penalty罰則 kick. penalty罰則 punishment罰
appeal訴える (475)
reliable able to be trusted信頼される  Do we need a more *reliable信頼できる 
online encyclopedia than Wikipedia? reliable信頼できる
trust信頼する (476)
annoy to cause someone to feel angry 
and unhappy about something  *Annoyedいらだたせられる by a group of kids talking 
loudly大声で on the train, someone said, “Shut up!”. annoyいらだたせる
loudly大声で (477)
persuade to try to make someone do something by 
giving them good reasons for doing it We tried to *persuade説得する her not to quitやめる 
school, but our efforts努力 were ［in vain］無駄に. persuade説得する
quitやめる  effort努力
in vain 無駄に (478)
fare  the money that you pay to travel移動する on 
a vehicle車両 ［such as］…のような a bus or train There’s a commonよくある misconception誤解 that   one-way片道 tickets are always half 
the price of a round-trip往復 *fare運賃. fare運賃
travel移動する  vehicle車両
commonよくある misconception誤解 (479)
illusion a false誤った idea or wrong belief信念  It is an *illusion幻想 to think that 
you can control制御する earthquakes地震. illusion幻想  false誤った
belief信念 control制御する
earthquake地震 (480)
remarkable unusual or surprising in a way 
that deserves値する attention注目  Bats have a *remarkable注目すべき 
［homing instinct］帰巣本能. remarkable注目すべき
deserve値する  attention注目
homing instinct帰巣本能 (481)
unite  to join together as a group If all of Europe *united団結する to form形成する a 
single country, how powerful would it be? unite団結する
form形成する (482)
prohibit to forbid禁じる something
Not all countries have agreed to   *prohibit禁止する ［weapons of mass destruction］大量破壊兵器 
such as chemical化学の and nuclear核の weapons. prohibit禁止する
forbid禁じる  weapons of mass destruction大量破壊兵器 chemical化学の
nuclear核の (483)
labor work, especially physical肉体的な work  Today, many people doing physical 
*labor労働 are worried心配して that robots will ［take over］奪う their roles and that 
they will lose their current現在の jobs. labor労働 physical肉体的な
worried心配して  take over 奪う
current現在の (484)
ecosystem  all the plants and animals in a particular 
area and the way they affect影響する each other While hunting has caused extreme 
damage to the wolf population個体数,   careful reintroduction再導入 
can help the *ecosystem生態系. ecosystem生態系
affect影響する  population個体数
reintroduction再導入 (485)
widespread  affecting影響する a large area or many people
Overall全体として, the *widespread広範な use of the Internet has a mostly positive 
effect影響 on life in today’s world. widespread広範な
affecting影響する  overall全体として
effect影響 (486)
orbit  to move around a planet惑星, moon, or sun The Earth *orbits周回する the Sun because 
of the pull引力 of the Sun’s gravity重力. orbit周回する
planet惑星 pull引力
gravity重力 (487)
specialize to concentrate集中する your attention注意 and 
effort努力 on a particular type of something Tokyo has ［a number of］いくつかの 
districts地区 where many shops   *specialize専門にする in a particular kind of item商品. specialize専門にする
concentrate集中する  attention注意
effort努力 a number of いくつかの
district地区  item商品 (488)
miracle  an event that is very surprising 
or difficult to explain説明する Every day a small *miracle奇跡 occurs起きる 
without anyone paying slightest attention注意. miracle奇跡
explain説明する  occur起きる
attention注意 (489)
qualification  what you get when you successfully成功して 
finish a course of study Susan is studying at university to get the   *qualification資格 she needs to 
teach science at high school. qualification資格
successfully成功して (490)
nutritional ［relating to］…に関する nutrition栄養  Does the *nutritional栄養の value価値 of 
eggs depend依る on the way you cook them? nutritional栄養の  relating to …に関する
nutrition栄養 value価値
depend依る (491)
undergo to experience something that is 
unpleasant不快な but necessary必要な  All vehicles車両 must *undergo受ける 
regular定期的な vehicle inspections検査. undergo受ける
unpleasant不快な  necessary必要な
vehicle車両 regular定期的な
inspection検査 (492)
interact to have an effect影響 on each other
All organisms生命体, to greater or lesser degrees程度, *interact相互交流する continuously継続的に with their 
physical物理的な environment環境 and with each other. interact相互交流する
effect影響  organisms生命体
degree程度 continuously継続的に  physical物理的な
environment環境 (493)
perspective  a particular way of thinking about something
People would like to see a movie that they can associate関連づける with but that is 
told from a unique独自の *perspective視点. perspective視点
associate関連づける unique独自の (494)
target something that you aim狙う at when attacking攻撃する  NATO admitted認めた one of its bombs爆弾 missed外す 
its *target 標的and hit a residential住宅の area. target 標的
aim狙う  attack攻撃する
admit認める bomb爆弾
miss外す (495)
indispensable absolutely絶対的に important and necessary
Maps are *indispensable不可欠な to geography地理学 as a telescope望遠鏡 is to astronomy天文学 
or a microscope顕微鏡 to biology生物学. indispensable不可欠な  absolutely絶対的に
geography地理学 telescope望遠鏡
astronomy天文学  microscope顕微鏡
biology生物学 (496)
conclude  to decide that something is true 
using all the information you have We shouldn’t *conclude結論づける that there   is any connectionつながり between 
nationality国籍 and personality性格. conclude結論づける
connectionつながり  nationality国籍
personality性格 (497)
delete  to remove取り除く something that has been written I think I *deleted削除した that 
document文書 we were working on. delete削除する remove取り除く
document文書 (498)
solid a substance物質 that is not a liquid液体 or a gas気体  Melting溶融 is a process過程 that causesさせる a 
substance to change from a *solid固体 to a liquid液体. solid固体
liquid液体  substance物質
liquid液体 gas気体
melting溶融  process過程
causeさせる (499)
interval  a period期間 of time between two events The contents内容 on this website are checked 
and updated更新される at regular定期的な *intervals間隔. interval間隔  period期間
contents内容 updated更新する
regular定期的な (500)
genuine exactly全く what it appears見える to be  How can I distinguish区別する a *genuine本物の 
antique骨董品 from a reproduction複製品? genuine本物の
exactly全く  appear見える
distinguish区別する (501)
restore  to cause something to exist存在する again Your support支え and kindness have 
*restored回復させた my self-respect自尊心. restore回復させる exist存在する
support支え (502)
declare to announce発表する officially公式に that 
something exists存在する or is the case事実  The colony植民地 *declared宣言した 
independence独立 and became a republic共和国. declare宣言する
announce発表する  officially公式に
exist存在する case事実
colony植民地  independence独立
republic共和国 (503)
issue  an important subject話題 that people discuss議論する
Many people have been arguing議論する ［for or against］賛成または反対 the *issue問題 of 
building a ［nuclear power plant］原子力発電所. issue問題 discuss議論する
argue議論する  for or against賛成または反対
nuclear power plant原子力発電所 (504)
constitution  the system of principles原則 and laws法律 
by which a country is governed統治される Japan’s current現在の *constitution憲法 
has not been amended改正される since it   ［took effect］施行された just after World War 2. constitution憲法
principle原則  law法律
govern統治する current現在の
amend改正する (505)
modest not large in degree程度 or amount量
Low-impact activities, ［due to］…のため their *modest適度な load負荷, are 
less likely to cause injury. modest適度な degree程度
amount量  due to …のため
load負荷 (506)
resign  to announce発表する formally正式に 
that you are leaving辞める a job When you reach a point where stress is too high,   you may find yourself wanting 
to *resign辞職する from your job. resign辞職する
announce発表する  formally正式に
leave辞める (507)
resume  to start doing something again 
after stopping temporarily一時的に In 2005, Himawari 6 was launched打ち上げられた and   the supply供給 of weather photos from 
Japanese satellites衛星 *resumed再開した. resume再開する  temporarily一時的に
launch打ち上げる supply供給
satellite衛星 (508)
civilization a human society that has developed発達させた 
its own culture and social organization Vinegar酢 was an important discovery発見 for   ancient古代の *civilizations文明 which 
remainsとどまる useful有用な even today. civilization文明
develop発達させる  discovery発見
ancient古代の remainとどまる
useful有用な (509)
recipe a list of ingredients材料 and 
a set of instructions指示 for   cooking or preparing a particular food The *recipeレシピ for tempura was introducedもたらされた 
by Portuguese missionaries宣教師 in the 16th century. recipeレシピ
ingredient材料  instruction指示
introduceもたらす (510)
imaginary  existing存在する only in your mind or in a story Throughout the world, people enjoy telling each 
other stories about *imaginary想像上の monsters. imaginary想像上の
exist存在する (511)
cease to stop happening or continuing
The fact that a volcano火山 hasn’t erupted噴火する in a long while doesn’t mean 
that volcanic火山の activity has *ceased終わった. cease終わる  volcano火山
erupt噴火する (512)
employ  to pay someone to work for you If you intend意図する to *employ雇用する 
foreign nationals国籍者 in Japan,   it is necessary to ［make sure］確認する that they 
legally法的に have the right権利 to work in Japan. employ雇用する
intend意図する  make sure確認する legally法的に
right権利 (513)
tuition the money that is paid to 
a school for being taught  The basic基本的な *tuition授業料 fee 
dependsよる on how early you pay. tuition授業料  basic基本的な
dependよる (514)
deadline  a date or time by which something must be done If the hotel’s cancellation *deadline締め切り 
has passed, you won’t get a refund返金. deadline締め切り
refund返金 (515)
vague not giving clear information or details詳細
The contract契約 should be specific具体的な and should avoid避ける *vagueあいまいな 
descriptions説明 or definitions定義. vagueあいまいな
detail詳細 contract契約
specific具体的な  avoid避ける description説明
definition定義 (516)
impose to force強いる people to accept something 
such as a rule or punishment罰則 Some government政府 agencies機関 
*impose課す pet owners fines罰金 if   their animals chase追いかける, harm, or kill wildlife. impose課す
force強いる  punishment罰則
government政府 fine罰金
chase追いかける (517)
launch to make a new product available入手できる to the public  A new TV commercial will appear登場する when the 
coffee product製品 is *launched発売される next month. launch発売する
available入手できる  appear登場する
product製品 (518)
exploration  a journey旅to a place in order to find out 
about it or search探すor something in it Space *exploration探査 has helped us answer   questions asked in science 
fiction novels and movies. exploration探査  journey旅
search探す (519)
prosperity  the situation in which a person or community 
is successful成功した and having a lot of money The ancient古代の city reached its peak 
of *prosperity繁栄 in the third century. prosperity繁栄
successful成功した  ancient古代の (520)
mysterious  difficult to explain説明する or understand The speaker entertained楽しませた the audience聴衆 
with his *mysterious謎めいた crime犯罪 story. mysterious謎めいた
explain説明する  entertained楽しませる audience聴衆
crime犯罪 (521)
seize to ［take control of］…を支配する a place using force
They have been killed or forced out of the rainforests熱帯雨林 by outsiders who 
have *seized押収した land for profit利益. seize押収する
take control of …を支配する rainforest熱帯雨林
profit利益 (522)
imply to suggest示唆する something indirectly間接的に  To criticize批判する does not necessarily必ず 
*imply含意する “to ［find fault］あら探しをする”. imply含意する
suggest示唆する  indirectly間接的に criticize批判する
necessarily必ず (523)
caution care that you take in order to avoid避ける danger
Winter driving ［calls for］要する extra *caution用心, with more snow and ice to ［deal 
with］対処する, and less daylight. caution用心 call for 要する
deal with対処する (524)
confidence the feeling that you can 
trust信頼する someone or something  ［Local officials］地方公務員 must ［stick to］…を固守する their promises if they are to win 
back public *confidence. 信頼 confidence 信頼
trust信頼する stick to …を固守する (525)
polite having good manners and respect敬意 
for the feelings of others  Fortunately幸いにして, there are 
some easy tactics戦術 you can use to help raise育てる a more *polite礼儀正しい child. polite礼儀正しい
respect敬意 fortunately幸いにして  tactics戦術
raise育てる (526)
serve  to provide提供する food or drink for someone
There are several practical実際的な reasons people cook fish before eating it, 
rather than simply *serving供する it raw生で. serve供する  provide提供する
practical実際的な (527)
stimulate  to encourage促す something to 
develop発展する or improve改善する further Our organization plans to *stimulate刺激する 
economic development発展 in this area. stimulate刺激する  encourage促す
develop発展する improve改善する
development発展 (528)
application the practical実際的な use of a theory理論, 
method方法, law法則, etc. for a particular purpose The *application応用 of scientific knowledge 
helps satisfy満たす many basic基本的な human needs. application応用
practical実際的な  theory理論
method方法 law法則  satisfy満たす
basic基本的な (529)
obstacle  a difficulty or problem that makes it 
difficult for you to achieve達成する something Newton had an astonishing驚くべき ability to   persist粘り強く続ける ［in the face 
of］…に直面して the *obstacles障害. obstacle障害  achieve達成する
astonishing驚くべき persist粘り強く続ける
in the face of …に直面して (530)
enthusiastic  showing a lot of interest関心 and 
excitement興奮 about something I have always been an *enthusiastic熱心な,   if not gifted才能ある, sportsman, 
preferring好む to play rather than watch. enthusiastic熱心な  interest関心
excitement興奮 gifted才能ある
prefer好む (531)
transform to change the appearance外観 or 
character特徴 of something completely完全に  Robots have *transformed変容させた many 
industries産業, most notably manufacturing製造業, and have the power to deliverもたらす 
tremendous多大な benefits利益 to society. transform変容させる appearance外観
character特徴  completely完全に
industry産業 manufacture製造する
deliverもたらす  tremendous多大な
benefit利益 (532)
yield  to produce something useful有用な ［Real estate］不動産 investments投資 do 
not always *yield生み出す profit利益. yield生み出す useful有用な
investment投資 (533)
harmony a situation in which people live 
together peacefully and agree   with each other without fighting or arguing議論する Japanese people have always ［put 
an emphasis on］…を重視する *harmony調和. harmony調和
argue議論する put an emphasis on …を重視する (534)
relief a feeling of comfort心地よさ 
when something bad has ended  A cooling night breeze風 brought 
*relief安堵 from the heat. relief安堵
comfort心地よさ  breeze風 (535)
contemporary  happening or belonging to the present現代の time
*Contemporary現代の immigrants移民 range及ぶ from unskilled未熟練の laborers労働者 to 
highly skilled professionals. contemporary現代の
present現代の immigrant移民
range及ぶ  unskilled未熟練の
laborer労働者 (536)
possess  to have something
As an entrepreneur起業家, the main quality資質 you must *possess所有する is the 
burning desire欲望 to start that dream business. possess所有する
entrepreneur起業家  quality資質
desire欲望 (537)
convert  to change one thing into a different form形
*Converting変換する from kilograms to pounds is a common一般的な task作業 in the 
realms領域 of math and engineering. convert変換する form形
common一般的な  task作業
realm領域 (538)
satisfaction  the feeling of pleasure喜び 
because you have achieved達成する something or obtained得る what you wanted
The ability能力 to delay遅らせる *satisfaction満足 using ［free will］自由意志 ［turns out］判明する 
to be a strong sign兆候 of future success. satisfaction満足
pleasure喜び  achieve達成する
obtain得る ability能力
delay遅らせる  free will自由意志
turn out判明する sign兆候 (539)
consequence something that happens as a 
result of a particular action  We all need to start using social media responsibly責任を持って – or 
face直面する the *consequences結果. consequence結果
responsibly責任を持って face直面する (540)
essential absolutely絶対に necessary or important  Successful reproduction繁殖 is *essential必須な 
to the survival存続 of a species種. essential必須な
absolutely絶対に  reproduction繁殖 survival存続
species種 (541)
note to become aware of something
Please *note留意する that we are   not responsible責任がある for the accuracy正確性 or 
content内容 of any sites linked from our own site. note留意する
responsible責任がある  accuracy正確性
content内容 (542)
divide  to separate分割する something into smaller 
parts and share分ける them between people There can be disagreements意見の相違 
about how to *divide分割する profits利益. divide分割する
separate分割する share分ける  disagreement意見の相違
profit利益 (543)
stereotype  a fixed固定された general一般的な image about 
a particular type of person or thing ［Simply put］簡単に言えば, gender性別 *stereotypes固定観念   are generalizations一般化 about 
the roles役割 of each gender. stereotype固定観念
fixed固定された  general一般的な
simply put簡単に言えば gender性別
generalization一般化  role役割 (544)
background  your family, your experience of education, or 
the type of work experience that you have etc. The workplace職場 brings together集める 
people of many different *backgrounds背景. background背景
workplace職場 bring together集める (545)
military ［relating to］…に関する the armed武装した forces  Why do people in Japan protest抗議する 
USA *military軍の bases基地? military軍の  relating to …に関する
armed武装した protest抗議する
base基地 (546)
designate to choose someone or something 
for a particular purpose  “Washoku,” orつまり the traditional伝統的な 
Japanese cuisine料理, has been *designated指定された by UNESCO as an 
Intangible無形の Cultural Heritage遺産. designate指定する
traditional伝統的な  heritage遺産 (547)
organize  to form形成する a group with a shared共有された aim目的
Social media has been ［playing a role］役割を果たす in helping protesters抗議者 *organize組織する 
and draw集める international attention. organize組織する
form形成する  share共有する
aim目的 play a role 役割を果たす
protester抗議者 (548)
engagement an agreement合意 between two people to marry結婚する
Can I cancel marriage after *engagement婚約? engagement婚約
agreement合意  marry結婚する (549)
slave  someone who is the property所有物 of 
another person and is forced強いられる to work for that person without pay
［Once upon a time］昔々 the island had plantations農園 on which a lot of 
*slaves奴隷 were forced to work. slave奴隷
property所有物 once upon a time 昔々
plantation農園 (550)
gradual happening slowly over…にわたって 
a long period期間 of time  Researchers研究者 suggest示唆する that behavior行動 changes in the elderly高齢者 may be caused by the 
*gradual徐々の shrinking萎縮 of the brain脳. gradual徐々の
suggest示唆する  behavior行動
shrink萎縮する brain脳 (551)
neglect to fail to do something that you ought to do
He was blamed非難された for *neglecting怠る his duties任務. neglect怠る  blame非難する
duty任務 (552)
donate  to give money or goods to 
a person or organization組織 Are rich people obligated義務がある 
to *donate寄付する to charity慈善? donate寄付する
organization組織 obligate義務づける
charity慈善 (553)
mammal an animal that gives birth to 
babies and feeds them with milk  Humans are classified分類される 
as *mammals哺乳類 because humans have the same distinctive固有の features特徴 
found in all members of this large group. mammal哺乳類
classify分類する  distinctive固有の
feature特徴 (554)
infant  a baby, or a very young child
New studies研究 are finding that introducing与える peanuts to *infants乳幼児 earlier 
actually実際に helps prevent防ぐ allergiesアレルギー. infant乳幼児
study研究  actually実際に
allergyアレルギー (555)
initial  happening at the beginning of something London has exceeded超過した its *initial当初の 
Olympics budget予算 by a wide margin. initial当初の
exceed超過する  budget予算 (556)
engage  to ［take part in］参加する a particular activity
Students in Japan are now *engaging従事する more in practical実践的な activities and less 
in memorization暗記 of facts in class. engage従事する  practical実践的な
memorization暗記 (557)
expose  to put someone or something in a place or 
situation where they are not protected保護された from something dangerous危険な or unpleasant不快な
Scientists have speculated推測する that the destruction破壊 of Earth’s ozone layer層 would 
*exposeさらす us to damaging ［ultraviolet rays］紫外線. exposeさらす
speculate推測する  destruction破壊
layer層 (558)
incident  something that happens, especially 
something that is bad or unusual The driver of a vehicle must 
report a ［traffic crash］交通事故   when the *incident事件 occurred起きた on a road. incident事件 (559)
infection the process過程 of getting a disease 
caused起こされる by germs細菌 or bacteria The best way to prevent *infection感染 
from spreading拡大 is good hand hygiene衛生. infection感染  process過程
cause起こす spread拡大する
hygiene衛生 (560)
concrete ［based on］…に基づく specific特定の 
people, things, or actions  When you make a speech, use more 
*concrete具体的な words than abstract抽象的な words. concrete具体的な
based on …に基づく  specific特定の
abstract抽象的な (561)
dispose  to ［get rid of］取り除く something 
that you ［no longer］もはや…でない need As with all issues問題 surrounding取り巻く 
［nuclear technology］原子力技術,   where and how to *dispose処分する of 
the wastes廃棄物 is complicated複雑な. dispose処分する
get rid of 取り除く  no longerもはや…でない
issue問題 waste廃棄物
complicated複雑な (562)
revise to make corrections訂正 or 
alterations変更 to a piece of writing  Authors著者 *revise改訂する their manuscripts原稿 using 
the comments and suggestions from reviewers査読者. revise改訂する  correction訂正
alteration変更 author著者
manuscript原稿 (563)
luxury something expensive高価な that gives you 
pleasure喜び but you do not really need  An Internet connection接続 used to be a 
*luxury贅沢, but nowadays it’s taken for granted. luxury贅沢
expensive高価な  pleasure喜び
connection接続 (564)
controversy  a serious本格的な argument議論 that involves many 
people who strongly disagree about something One of the greatest *controversies論争 to 
［come out of］…から出てくるWorld War II was whether   the ［atomic bomb］原子爆弾 was necessary 
to ［bring about］もたらす the war’s end. controversy論争
serious本格的な  argument議論
bring aboutもたらす (565)
profound  showing deep intelligence知性 or wisdom知恵 Endlessness無限 is probably the most *profound深遠な 
and challenging取り組みがいのある idea of basic math. profound深遠な
intelligence知性  wisdom知恵
challenging取り組みがいのある (566)
attach  to join付ける one thing to another You need to *attach添付する your 
photo to the application申請 form用紙. attach添付する
application申請 form用紙 (567)
activate to make something such as…のような an electrical 
system or chemical process start working Reading detailed詳細な descriptions描写 in literary文学の   works *activates活性化する many areas of the 
brain脳 besides…以外の the language regions領域. activate活性化する
detailed詳細な  description描写
literary文学の brain脳  besides…以外の
region領域 (568)
insight  the ability能力 to notice気づく and understand 
a complex複雑な situation or problem Your feedback応答 has provided us with 
helpful information and keen鋭い *insights洞察. insight洞察
ability能力  notice気づく
complex複雑な feedback応答
keen鋭い (569)
authority the power力 to make decisions決定 
and control other people  The study研究 suggested示唆した that ordinary一般の people are likely to follow従う orders命令 
given by an *authority権力 figure人物. authority権力
decision決定 study研究
suggest示唆する  ordinary一般の
follow従う order命令
figure人物 (570)
upcoming happening in the near future
As you pack荷造りする for your *upcoming来るべき   flight, take a moment to think about what 
would happen if your baggage were lost. upcoming来るべき
pack荷造りする (571)
explore to travel around an area 
to find out what it is like  Because of its small size, 
just 8 km from north to south, Paris is perfect for *exploring探訪する ［on foot］徒歩で. explore探訪する
on foot 徒歩で (572)
demonstrate  to show by your actions that 
you have a particular ability Picasso *demonstrated示した extraordinary並外れた 
artistic talent in his early years. demonstrate示す
extraordinary並外れた (573)
liberty the freedom to think or behave in the way that you   want without interference干渉 from 
a government政府 or by other people The three colors of the French national flag stand 
for表す “*liberty自由, equality平等, and fraternity友愛.” liberty自由
interference干渉  government政府
equality平等 (574)
glance  a quick look at someone or something A *glance一見 at this map will 
tellわかる you where we are. glance一見 (575)
sufficient  enough for a particular purpose
Water scarcity不足 is the lack欠乏 of *sufficient十分な available利用可能な water resources資源 
to meet満たす water needs within a region. sufficient十分な
scarcity不足  lack欠乏
available利用可能な resource資源
meet満たす (576)
overwhelm to affect影響する you so strongly that you 
do not know how to ［deal with］対処する it  I remember visiting a professor’s office and being 
*overwhelmed圧倒された by the huge膨大な number of books. overwhelm圧倒する  affect影響する
huge膨大な (577)
comprehend  to understand something If someone tries to explain a theory理論 
from physics物理学 or mathematics数学 which   we cannot *comprehend理解する, we 
could say，“It’s all Greek to me.” comprehend理解する
theory理論  physics物理学
mathematics数学 (578)
review  an article記事 that gives an opinion 
of a book, play, film, product, etc. When writing a food or restaurant *review批評,   include含める as many useful details詳細 
as possible for the reader. review批評
article記事  include含む
detail詳細 (579)
restriction  the act of limiting制限する or 
controlling制御する someone or something Freedom of speech and expression表現 is 
protected保護される from government政府 *restrictions制約. restriction制約
limit制限する  control制御する
expression表現 protect保護する
government政府 (580)
scarce not enough of something  When snowfall降雪 is *scarce乏しい, ski resorts 
use artificial人工の snow to compensate補う. scarce乏しい  artificial人工の
compensate補う (581)
claim  to state述べる something is true 
without definite確かな proof証拠 Many major newspapers *claim主張する 
that they are unbiased偏見がない and   entirelyひたすら devoted専念した to freely 
presenting示す facts and truth. claim主張する
state述べる  definite確かな
proof証拠 unbiased偏見がない
entirelyひたすら  devote専念する
present示す (582)
argue  to discuss議論する something with 
someone who disagree with you Most politicians政治家 in this city 
are currently *arguing議論する ［for   or against］賛成か反対か building a new highway. argue議論する
discuss議論する  politician政治家
for or against 賛成か反対か (583)
psychology  the scientific study研究 of the mind and 
how it influences影響する people’s behavior Sigmund Freud is usually referred言及される 
to as the father of modern *psychology心理学   and was one of the primary主要な 
pioneers開拓者 of psychoanalysis精神分析. psychology心理学
study研究  influence影響する
refer言及する primary主要な
pioneer開拓者  psychoanalysis精神分析 (584)
dignity  the fact of being given respect Massive大量の unemployment失業 represents意味する the 
most serious深刻な threat脅威 to human *dignity尊厳. dignity尊厳
massive大量の  unemployment失業
represent意味する serious深刻な
threat脅威 (585)
jealous feeling angry or unhappy because you do 
not have something that someone else has Don’t waste無駄にする energy in people who 
are *jealous嫉んでいる of your success成功. jealous嫉んでいる waste無駄にする
success成功 (586)
emerge to begin to exist存在する  An outbreak発生 of Ebola has *emerged出現した 
in the Democratic Republic of Congo. emerge出現する  exist存在する
outbreak発生 (587)
condemn  to say very strongly that someone 
or something is bad or wrong The failure of leaders to 
*condemn非難する corruption汚職   serves助長する to increase増加する 
the spread蔓延 of corruption. condemn非難する  corruption汚職
increase増加する (588)
sightseeing  the activity of visiting 
interesting places as a tourist Mount Fuji and Kyoto have traditionally伝統的に been   popular人気のある *sightseeing観光 spots 
for overseas海外の tourists to Japan. sightseeing観光
traditionally伝統的に  popular人気のある
overseas海外の (589)
structure  the way in which something is 
organized構成される into a whole全体 Although cells細胞 may be very different and highly   specialized特化された, they all have 
the same basic基本的な *structure構造. structure構造
organize構成する  cell細胞 specialize特化する
basic基本的な (590)
evil causing ［a great deal of］多大な harm害 to people
The ancient古代の Romans believed that the right side of the body was the good side, while 
the left side held *evil邪悪な spirits霊. evil邪悪な
a great deal of多大な  harm害 ancient古代の
spirit霊 (591)
assure to tell someone that something is 
definitely間違いなく going to happen  Orders注文 should be received by 2:00 
p.m. to *assure保証する same-day delivery配達. assure保証する
definitely間違いなく  order注文
delivery配達 (592)
commute  to travel移動する regularly定期的に between 
your home and your place of work The differences相違 in the ways people 
*commute通勤する can be quite large when   cities around the world are compared比較される. commute通勤する
travel移動する  regularly定期的に difference相違
compare比較する (593)
race one of the groups that people can be 
divided分類される into ［based on］…に基づいて   certain特定の physical肉体的な features特徴, 
such as the color of their skin Pictures and slogans which are offensive侮辱的な 
to *race人種 and gender性別 should not be allowed. race人種
divide分類する  based on …に基づいて
certain特定の physical肉体的な
feature特徴  offensive侮辱的な
gender性別 (594)
worship  the act of showing respect for a god or gods Shinto is a native土着の Japanese religion宗教 
［based on］…に基づく nature *worship崇拝. worship崇拝
native土着の  religion宗教
based on …に基づく (595)
ignorant  not knowing knowledge or 
information that you should know Many young people these days seem to be   *ignorant無知な of what they 
are ［seeking after］…を求める. ignorant無知な
seeking after …を求める (596)
weigh  to measure測定する how heavy someone or something is She is careful about her diet食事 and makes 
sure to *weigh重さを量る herself every morning. weigh重さを量る
measure測定する  diet食事 (597)
sustain  to make something continue to 
exist存在する for ［a period of time］一定期間 The brain脳, heart心臓 and lungs肺 are the 
vital重要な organs器官 to *sustain維持する human life. sustain維持する
exist存在する  a period of time一定期間
brain脳 heart心臓
lung肺  vital重要な
organ器官 (598)
potential  the possibility可能性 to become 
successful成功した or useful役に立つ in the future Social network sites have the *potential潜在能力   to change fundamentally根本的に the 
character性格 of our social lives. potential潜在能力
possibility可能性  successful成功した
useful役に立つ fundamentally根本的に
character性格 (599)
productivity the rate率 at which goods商品 are produced生産される
Many companies have to reduce削減する   their development開発 costs while 
improving向上させる *productivity生産性. productivity生産性  rate率
goods商品 produce生産する
reduce削減する  development開発
improve向上させる (600)
marvelous  extremely good There is no doubt疑い the Internet 
is a *marvelous素晴らしい invention発明. marvelous素晴らしい doubt疑い
invention発明 (601)
bother to annoyいらいらさせる someone
When we are trying to study or think   about something, music can *bother邪魔する 
us if it is too loud or too harshきつい. bother邪魔する
annoyいらいらさせる  harshきつい (602)
resolve  to find a solution解決策 to a 
problem, argument議論, or difficulty Taking simple steps to *resolve 
解決するconflict紛争 immediately即座に   can prevent many workplace 
conflicts紛争 from escalating. resolve 解決する
solution解決策  argument議論
conflict紛争 immediately即座に (603)
migration the movement移動 of people or 
animals from one place to another  The Irish Famine飢饉 caused the first mass 
*migration移住 of Irish people to the United States. migration移住
famine飢饉 (604)
biology the scientific study研究 of living things
In the US, about 60 percent of medical school applicants志願者 majored専攻した in 
*biology生物学 as undergraduates学部生. biology生物学
study研究 applicant志願者
major専攻する  undergraduate学部生 (605)
cautious  being careful to avoid避ける danger or mistakes Parents and teachers are *cautious用心深い 
about the risk associated関連する with SNS use. cautious用心深い
avoid避ける  associated関連づける (606)
ache  to feel a continuous継続的な pain痛み Can the weather天気 make 
bones骨 and joints関節 *ache痛む? ache痛む
continuous継続的な pain痛み
weather天気  bone骨
joint関節 (607)
foster  to encourage促す something to develop発展する 
over…にわたって ［a period of time］一定期間 *Foster育む mutual相互の respect尊重 among your students,   even when class discussion議論 
covers扱うcontroversial物議を醸す topics. foster育む
encourage促す  develop発展する
mutual相互の respect尊重
discussion議論  cover扱う
controversial物議を醸す (608)
amusement  the process過程 of getting 
entertainment娯楽 and pleasure喜び Origami, the art of folding paper, is now enjoyed 
by many people in many countries for *amusement娯楽. amusement娯楽
process過程  entertainment娯楽
pleasure喜び (609)
convention  a way of doing things that is widely 
accepted受け入れられた and followed従われた Keeping to *conventions慣習 prevents妨げる 
us from making new products製品. convention慣習
accept受け入れる follow従う
prevent妨げる  product製品 (610)
consistent  not having any parts that 
do not agree with each other At the Diet国会 meeting, the prime minister’s 
explanation説明 was not always *consistent一貫した. consistent一貫した
explanation説明 (611)
accommodate to provide sufficient十分な 
space for a particular purpose  The largest conference会議 hall can 
*accommodate収容する［up to］最大 100 people. accommodate収容する
sufficient十分な  conference会議
up to 最大 (612)
inspire  to give someone the enthusiasm熱意 to do something
Chief executives are taking greater personal responsibility責任 for directing指揮する 
and *inspiring鼓舞する innovation. inspire鼓舞する
enthusiasm熱意 responsibility責任
direct指揮する (613)
term a word or expression表現 that is used 
to refer言及する to a particular thing The *term用語 ‘native speaker of English’ has been 
subject対象 to a great variety of interpretations解釈. term用語
expression表現  refer言及する
subject対象 interpretation解釈 (614)
masterpiece a painting, book, or film, or other work 
of art that is of excellent優れた quality質 With all its minor小さな defects欠陥, the novel 
has been regardedみなされた as a *masterpiece傑作. masterpiece傑作
excellent優れた  quality質
minor小さな regardみなす (615)
logical connecting結び付ける ideas in a reasonable合理的な way  *Logical論理的な reasoning推論 helps us 
explain説明する why something happens. logical論理的な
connect結び付ける  reasonable合理的な reasoning推論
explain説明する (616)
conserve to prevent防ぐ something from being 
damaged損傷される or destroyed破壊される  The costs対価 of not *conserving保護する biodiversity生物多様性 will be substantial大きな 
for present現在の and future generations世代. conserve保護する
cost対価  biodiversity生物多様性
substantial大きな present現在の
generation世代 (617)
dedicate to give all your attention注意 
and effort努力 to something  There are many websites *dedicated専念した to 
matching合わせる volunteers with opportunities. dedicate専念する
attention注意  effort努力
match合わせる (618)
relative  a member of your family
If you are an immediate直近の *relative親族 of a U.S. citizen国民, you can 
become a lawful合法的な ［permanent resident］永住者. relative親族
immediate直近の  citizen国民
lawful合法的な permanent resident 永住者 (619)
resignation the act行為 of leaving辞める your job or position
The prime minister’s abrupt突然の *resignation辞任 has thrown Japan’s ［political 
landscape］政治情勢 into uncertainty不確実性. resignation辞任 act行為
leave辞める  abrupt突然の
uncertainty不確実性 (620)
equivalent  having the same size, value価値, 
importance, or meaning as something else Snowflake did live a long life 
for…にしては a gorilla, about forty years,   which is *equivalent匹敵する to 
eighty years for a human. equivalent匹敵する  value価値
for …にしては (621)
accuse  to say that someone is guilty有罪の of a crime犯罪
If you are *accused告発された of a crime犯罪, you have the right権利 to be treated扱われる as 
innocent無罪の until you are proved証明される guilty. accuse告発する  guilty有罪の
crime犯罪 right権利
treat扱う  innocent無罪の
prove証明する (622)
shift  to change from one state状態 to another
Before we enact行う changes to health care, we must *shift転換する our focus焦点 
from treatment治療 to prevention予防. shift転換する state状態
focus焦点  treatment治療
prevention予防 (623)  prejudice
an unreasonable不合理な feeling of dislike嫌悪 for a person or group
To ［take advantage of］…を利用する foreign tourism観光, Japan should overcome克服する 
*prejudice偏見 against foreigners. prejudice偏見
unreasonable不合理な dislike嫌悪
take advantage of …を利用する tourism観光
overcome克服する (624)
grocery food you buy at a store
Most supermarkets in Japan are   actually実際に better described説明される as *grocery食料品 
stores, in that they exclusivelyもっぱら sell food. grocery食料品
actually実際に  describe説明する
exclusivelyもっぱら (625)
selfish  caring気にする only about yourself 
and not caring about other people He ［gets on my nerves］神経に障る with his 
*selfish利己的な and arrogant傲慢な ways. selfish利己的な care気にする
arrogant傲慢な (626)
retain to continue to have something  The ［greenhouse effect］温室効果 causesさせる 
the atmosphere大気 to *retain維持する heat. retain維持する
greenhouse effect 温室効果  causeさせる
atmosphere大気 (627)
swallow  to make food or drink go down 
your throat喉 into your stomach胃 *Swallowing飲み込む prevents妨げる food 
from remainingとどまる in the mouth   long enough for any significant十分な 
amount量 of digestion消化 to occur. swallow飲み込む
throat喉  stomach胃
remainとどまる significant十分な  amount量
digestion消化 (628)
destiny  the power believed to control支配する 
events that happen to you in your life The *destiny運命 vs. ［free will］自由意志 
debate has been going on forever. destiny運命
control支配する free will自由意志 (629)
adolescence the period時期 of your life when you 
develop成長する from a child into an adult  Today, we believe that essential本質的な aspects側面 of character性格 are formed形成される in 
childhood and *adolescence青年期. adolescence青年期
period時期 essential本質的な
aspect側面  character性格
form形成する (630)
absurd  completelyまったく sillyばかげた
It is *absurdばかげた to understand laughter. absurdばかげた
completelyまったく  sillyばかげた (631)
puzzle  to confuse混乱させる someone because 
they do not understand something He looked *puzzled困惑した at the abrupt突然の 
question posed向けられた by a reporter. puzzle困惑させる
confuse混乱させる abrupt突然の
pose向ける (632)
substitute to use something new or different ［in 
place of］…に代えて someone or something else You can *substitute代用する olive oil for butter, 
margarine, or other oils in almost any recipe. substitute代用する
in place of …に代えて (633)
wealth  a large amount of money, property財産, 
or other valuable価値ある things that a person or country owns所有する
Economic growth refers言及する   broadly to an increase増加 in *wealth富 
over a certain period期間 of time. wealth富  property財産
valuable価値ある refer言及する
increase増加 (634)
welfare help that is provided提供される by the 
government政府 for people ［in need］困っている  Black families are often portrayed描かれる 
as poor and *welfare福祉 dependent依存した. welfare福祉
government政府  in need 困っている
portray描く dependent依存した (635)
memorable worth価値がある remembering, because 
of being special or enjoyable  Seeing bear in the wild can be one of the most 
*memorable記憶に残る experiences on camping trips. memorable記憶に残る
worth価値がある (636)
ruin to destroy破壊する or severelyひどく harm傷つける something
The flood洪水 *ruined台無しにした the crops作物. ruin台無しにする
destroy破壊する  severelyひどく
harm傷つける flood洪水
crop作物 (637)
sacrifice to ［give up］あきらめる something 
important or valuable価値ある to   obtain得る something else or to help other people What are you willing to *sacrifice犠牲にする 
to pursue追求する your passion情熱? sacrifice犠牲にする
give upあきらめる valuable価値ある
obtain得る  pursue追求する
passion情熱 (638)
specimen  an example of something, 
especially an animal or a plant Plant collecting is the acquisition入手 
of plant *specimens標本 for the purposes   of research研究, cultivation栽培, or as a hobby趣味. specimen標本
acquisition入手  research研究
cultivation栽培 hobby趣味 (639)
intersection a place where roads join合流する or cross交差する  Many residents住民 want to put a ［traffic 
light］信号機 at the *intersection交差点. intersection交差点  join合流する
cross交差する resident住民
traffic light信号機 (640)
excessive greater than is necessary必要な or reasonable合理的な  *Excessive過度の dieting to obtain得る an ideal理想的な 
image can be dangerous for teenagers. excessive  necessary必要な
reasonable合理的な obtain得る
ideal理想的な (641)
motivate to make someone feel enthusiastic熱心な 
about doing something  What *motivated動機づけた Napoleon 
to conquer征服する much of Europe? motivate動機づける
enthusiastic熱心な  conquer征服する (642)
rescue  to save救う someone from a dangerous危険な 
or unpleasant不快な situation Immediate即座の ［first aid］応急措置 
should be given to a person   who has been *rescued救助された from drowning溺れること. rescue救助する
save救う  immediate即座の
first aid応急措置 drown溺れる (643)
significance the importance of something especially when 
it will have an effect影響 on other thing What is the *significance重要性 
of computer to humanity人類? significance重要性 effect影響
humanity人類 (644)
scholar a person who studies a particular academic 
discipline学問分野 and knows a lot about it He is not so much a *scholar学者 as a journalist. scholar学者
discipline学問分野 (645)
conservative  not willing to accept受け入れる changes or new ideas *Conservative保守的な cultures are 
not innovative革新的な［by nature］本質的に. conservative保守的な
accept受け入れる innovative革新的な
by nature 本質的に (646)
exclude  to prevent妨げる someone from 
［taking part in］…に参加する an activity When you are three persons, then two of you should 
not whisper小声で話す *excluding除外する the third person. exclude除外する
prevent妨げる  take part in …に参加する
whisper小声で話す (647)
emphasize  to indicate示す that something 
is particularly important Policymakers政策立案者 should *emphasize強調する ［fuel 
efficiency］燃費 improvement向上 as a crucial重要な   strategy戦略 to control rising energy consumption. emphasize強調する
indicate示す  policymaker政策立案者
fuel efficiency燃費 improvement向上  crucial重要な
strategy戦略 (648)
appetite  a desire欲望 to eat
You are less likely to gain weight体重 in summer than in winter because you 
tend傾向がある to lose your *appetite食欲 when it is hot. appetite食欲
desire欲望  weight体重
tend傾向がある (649)
accommodation  a room or building where 
people stay, live, or work Currently現在, foreign tourists are facing   *accommodation宿泊施設 shortages不足 in major主要な 
destinations目的地 such as Tokyo and Osaka. accommodation宿泊施設  currently現在
shortage不足 major主要な
destination目的地 (650)
certain having no doubt疑い about something  I am absolutely絶対に *certain確かな 
that I locked all the doors. certain確かな
doubt疑い  absolutely絶対に (651)
complete  to finish doing something
The objective目的 of your science experiment実験 is the reason for which 
you’re *completing完了させる the experiment. complete完了させる objective目的
experiment実験 (652)
strengthen to make something stronger
Dance is not just an artistic   expression表現 but a way for groups to 
*strengthen強化する their shared共有される identity. strengthen強化する
expression表現  share共有する (653)
minority  the smaller part of a larger group Ethnic民族的な and racial人種的な *minorities少数派 
will comprise構成する a majority多数派 of the   population of the United States in 
a little more than a generation世代. minority少数派
ethnic民族的な  racial人種的な
comprise構成する majority多数派
generation世代 (654)
remark something that you say when you express表現する 
your opinion about someone or something Her casual何気ない *remarks発言 made 
me feel very uncomfortable不快な. remark発言
express表現する casual何気ない
uncomfortable不快な (655)
sustainable able to continue without 
damaging the environment環境  Many countries are being urged促される 
to implement実施する concrete具体的な actions and measures方策 to realize実現する 
*sustainable持続可能な development開発. sustainable持続可能な
environment環境 urge促す
implement実施する  concrete具体的な
measure方策 realize実現する
development開発 (656)
absorb to take in a liquid液体, gas, or other substance物質
By *absorbing吸収する ［carbon dioxide］二酸化炭素, trees help keep atmospheric大気の 
temperatures温度 in the proper適切な range範囲. absorb吸収する
liquid液体 substance物質  carbon dioxide二酸化炭素
temperature温度 proper適切な
range範囲 (657)
offend to make someone upset動揺した and angry 
by doing or saying something rude無礼な  The paintings, designed to question疑問を投げかける the sexual morality道徳 of the times, 
*offended不快にさせた the audience観客. offend不快にさせる upset動揺した
rude無礼な  morality道徳
audience観客 (658)
nightmare  a very frightening恐ろしい or unpleasant不快な dream *Nightmares悪夢 during pregnancy妊娠 can be very 
vivid鮮明な, scary恐ろしい and uncomfortable不快な. nightmare悪夢  frightening恐ろしい
unpleasant不快な pregnancy妊娠
vivid鮮明な  scary恐ろしい
uncomfortable不快な (659)
advocate  someone who publicly公に recommends推奨する 
a particular action or policy政策 *Advocates提唱者 of ［public transportation］公共交通機関 
claim主張する that investing投資する in ［mass   transit］大量輸送機関 will ultimately最終的に reduce the 
total transportation輸送 cost for the public. advocate提唱者
publicly公に  recommend推奨する
policy政策 public transportation 公共交通機関
claim主張する  invest投資する ultimately最終的に
transportation輸送 (660)
adequate good enough or large enough for some need  We have been given *adequate十分な financial 
resources財源 to launch始める a new business. adequate十分な
financial resource財源  launch始める (661)
conceal  to hide隠す something carefully
If you destroy破壊する or *conceal隠蔽する evidence証拠, you could face criminal刑事の charges. conceal隠蔽する
hide隠す destroy破壊する  evidence証拠
criminal刑事の (662)
irritate  to annoyいらいらさせる someone continuously継続的に
When we are ［running short of］…が不足する calcium, we tend傾向がある to get *irritatedいらだたせられる easily. irritateいらいらさせる
annoyいらいらさせる continuously継続的に  run short of …が不足する
tend傾向がある (663)
troop  soldiers兵士 in large numbers
President Truman did not seek求める congressional議会の authorization承認 
before sending *troops軍隊 to Korea. troop軍隊 soldier兵士
seek求める  congressional議会の
authorization承認 (664)
faith  strong religious宗教的な belief信念 Many Japanese are intolerant不寛容な of 
any strongly held religious *faith信仰. faith信仰
religious宗教的な  belief信念
intolerant不寛容な (665)
coastal  on the land near the coast海岸
The climate気候 along the *coastal沿岸の area of the island is tropical熱帯の, but 
the mountain area can be quite cool. coastal沿岸の
coast海岸  climate気候
tropical熱帯の (666)
withdraw  to take money out of a ［bank account］銀行口座
For security purposes, most banks limit制限する the amount額 you can *withdraw引き出す 
from an ATM ［on a daily basis］一日に. withdraw引き出す
bank account銀行口座 limit制限する
on a daily basis 一日に (667)
contaminate  to make a place or substance物質 dirty or harmful有害な The soil土壌 around this river has been 
*contaminated汚染された by a nearby factory工場. contaminate汚染する  substance物質
harmful有害な soil土壌
factory工場 (668)
campaign a series of planned activities intended意図される 
to produce生み出す political政治的な or social change They have launched開始した a signature署名 
*campaign運動 ［calling for］求める an   international treaty条約 to 
ban禁止する ［nuclear weapons］核兵器. campaign運動
intend意図する  produce生み出す
political政治的な launch開始する
signature署名  call for 求める
treaty条約 ban禁止する
nuclear weapon 核兵器 (669)
affection  a feeling of liking or loving 
about someone or something People who crave渇望する love often have this problem 
as a result of a childhood lack欠如 of *affection愛情. affection愛情
crave渇望する  lack欠如 (670)
miserable  very unhappy or uncomfortable不快な Losing your job is one of life’s 
most *miserable悲惨な experiences. miserable悲惨な
uncomfortable不快な (671)
prosper to grow and develop in a successful way  The online company *prospered繁栄した briefly短い間 
before suddenly ［going into bankruptcy］倒産する. prosper繁栄する
briefly短い間  go into bankruptcy 倒産する (672)
undertake  to accept受け入れる responsibility責任 
for something and start doing it The Federal Government連邦政府 offers 
a tax税 incentive優遇措置 to companies   that *undertake着手する research研究 
and development開発 activities. undertake着手する
accept受け入れる  responsibility責任
federal government連邦政府 tax税
incentive優遇措置  research研究
development開発 (673)
suspect  a person who is thought to 
be guilty有罪の of a crime犯罪 The *suspect’s容疑者 fingerprints指紋 have been   matched一致した with those found 
at the scene現場 of the crime. suspect容疑者
guilty有罪の  crime犯罪
match一致する (674)
variation  a difference in amount量 or quality質 Japanese has a significantかなりの amount of 
*variation差異 ［depending on］…によって the region地域. variation差異
amount量  quality質
significantかなりの depending on …によって
region地域 (675)
immense extremely large
［Even though］~にもかかわらず the building   is not modern近代的な and attractive魅力的な, 
the historic value価値 is *immense巨大な. immense巨大な  even though ~にもかかわらず
modern近代的な attractive魅力的な
value価値 (676)
pronounce to say a word in the correct正しい way  “IT” stands for表す information technology 
and is *pronounced発音される “I.T.” pronounce発音する  correct正しい
stand for表す (677)
focus  to pay particular attention注意 
to someone or something ［When it comes to］…となるとhunting for a job,   most people *focus集中する on what they 
should say to impress好印象を与える employers雇用主. focus集中する
attention注意  when it comes to …となると
employer雇用主 (678)
revenue  money that a business, organization組織, 
or government政府 receives from people over…にわたって a period of time一定期間
Traditional伝統的な universities   are experiencing a loss of students and 
suffering苦しむ a decline減少 in *revenues歳入. revenue歳入  organization組織
government政府 a period of time一定期間
traditional伝統的な  suffer苦しむ
decline減少 (679)
statistics  the practice行為 of collecting集める and 
analyzing分析する data in large quantities *Statistics統計 reveal明らかにする 
that Japan is one of the   safest countries ［in terms of］…に関して not 
only crime犯罪 but also traffic accidents. statistics統計  practice行為
collect集める analyze分析する
reveal明らかにする  in terms of …に関して
crime犯罪 (680)
inevitable  certain to happen and impossible 
to prevent防ぐ or avoid避ける Does psychology心理学 explain説明する that 
conflict紛争 and wars are *inevitable不可避の? inevitable不可避の
prevent防ぐ avoid避ける
psychology心理学  explain説明する
conflict紛争 (681)
perceive  to notice気づく or realize理解する 
something that is not obvious明らかな Technology has revolutionized革命をもたらした the 
way humans *perceive知覚する the real world. perceive知覚する
notice気づく  realize理解する
obvious明らかな revolutionize革命をもたらす (682)
memorize to learn something ［so that］~のように 
you can remember it exactly正確に  What is the most effective効果的な 
way to *memorize記憶する the vocabulary語彙 of a foreign language? memorize記憶する so that ~のように
exactly正確に  effective効果的な
vocabulary語彙 (683)
gene  a part of a cell細胞 in a living 
thing which controls a particular quality that has been passed on from its parents  Generations of parents’ and grandparents’ 
*genes遺伝子 are passed along to your baby. gene遺伝子
cell細胞 (684)
ancestor a person in your family who lived a long time ago
Around a million years ago our human *ancestors祖先 had a brain脳 size not very 
different from ours today. ancestor祖先
brain脳 (685)
transparent  able to see through something
This beach is an excellent素晴らしい place for diving ［thanks to］…のおかげで 
its shallow浅い *transparent透明な waters. transparent透明な
excellent素晴らしい thanks to …のおかげで
shallow浅い (686)
encounter to experience or ［deal with］対処する 
problems or opposition反対  When you *encounter遭遇する unfamiliar馴染みのない things in a new environment環境, you may experience 
culture shock even in your own country. encounter遭遇する  deal with 対処する
opposition反対 unfamiliar馴染みのない
environment環境 (687)
arrest to seize捕らえる someone by legal法的な 
authority権限 because the police think   they have done something illegal違法な
The man *arrested逮捕された for carrying illegal weapons武器 was forced to 
get into the car by the police. arrest逮捕する
seize捕らえる legal法的な
authority権限  illegal違法な
weapon武器 (688)
consensus  general一般的な agreement同意 among 
all the people in a group It is our *consensus合意 that ［carbon dioxide］二酸化炭素 
is the［main cause］主因 of ［global warming］地球温暖化. consensus合意
general一般的な  agreement同意
carbon dioxide二酸化炭素 main cause主因
global warming地球温暖化 (689)
diversity the fact that many different people or 
things are included含まれる in a group or place *Diversity多様性 can thrive繁栄する only 
in the presence存在 of tolerance.寛容性 diversity多様性
include含む thrive繁栄する
presence存在  tolerance.寛容性 (690)
skeptical  having doubt疑い about something
Fifty years ago, more people were *skeptical懐疑的な about the 
solar power’s potential可能性. skeptical懐疑的な
doubt疑い potential可能性 (691)
quote to repeat繰り返す what someone has 
written or said exactlyそのまま  Bill’s comment about the government政府 was 
*quoted引用された in today’s newspaper story. quote引用する
repeat繰り返す  exactlyそのまま
government政府 (692)
justify  to show that something is 
right正しい or acceptable受け入れられる We can’t *justify正当化する wasting無駄にする 
food when half the world is hungry. justify正当化する
acceptable受け入れられる  waste無駄にする (693)
opponent  the person who is fighting against you There is no greater danger than 
underestimating過小評価する your *opponent敵対者. opponent敵対者
underestimate過小評価する (694)
sympathy  the feeling of being sorry 
for someone who is in trouble People sometimes feel *sympathy同情 for criminals犯罪者   and want them to ［get away 
with］…を逃れる the crimes犯罪. sympathy同情
criminal犯罪者  get away with …を逃れる
crime犯罪 (695)
urgent  needing immediate即座の action or attention
Renewable再生可能な energy is not an *urgent緊急の matter in Australia, given…を考慮すれば the country’s plentiful 
supplies供給 of fossil fuels化石燃料, particularly coal. urgent緊急の
immediate即座の  renewable再生可能な
given …を考慮すれば supply供給
fossil fuel化石燃料 (696)
detect to notice気づく or discover発見する 
something using scientific methods方法  A variety of handheld and 
laboratory実験室 instruments are available for *detecting検知する 
and measuring測定する radiation. detect検知する
notice気づく discover発見する
method方法  laboratory実験室
measure測定する (697)
tempt  to make someone want to have or do something, especially something that is not good
Overuse使いすぎ of smartphones may *tempt その気にさせるstudents to care excessively過度に 
about how others think, feel, and behave. tempt その気にさせる
overuse使いすぎ  care 気にする
excessively過度に (698)
context  the circumstances状況 in which something 
happens, which help you to understand it What I said has been taken out 
of *context 文脈by the media. context 文脈
circumstance状況 (699)
hygiene  the practice行為 of keeping yourself and your 
surroundings周囲 clean in order to prevent diseases The high cleanliness清潔 requirements要件 and   *hygiene衛生 standards in the healthcare 
sector leave no room余地 for compromise妥協. hygiene衛生
practice行為  surroundings周囲 cleanliness清潔
requirements要件  room余地
compromise妥協 (700)
elaborate  made carefully from many 
detailed細かい or complicated複雑な parts *Elaborate精巧な wedding kimonos are 
sometimes handed down through the family. elaborate精巧な
detailed細かい  complicated複雑な (701)
negotiate  to talk about something in 
order to reach an agreement合意 Lawyers弁護士 can charge請求する 
their clients顧客 by the hour,   or they can *negotiate交渉する a 
set fee for the entire project. negotiate交渉する  agreement合意
lawyer弁護士 charge請求する
client顧客 (702)
grasp to understand something 
complicated複雑な or difficult  Children who don’t *grasp理解する basic基本的な 
math数学 concepts概念 usually don’t catch up, but early intervention介入 helps. grasp理解する
complicated複雑な basic基本的な
math数学  concept概念
intervention介入 (703)
chore  tasks that you have to do regularly日常的に
When both parents are working, each can ［take turns with］交代で…を行う 
the daily household家庭 *chores雑用. chore雑用
regularly日常的に take turns with 交代で…を行う
household家庭 (704)
consciousness the state状態 of being awake目覚めた and 
able to understand what is happening  Fainting失神, the condition of a brief短い loss喪失 of *consciousness意識 occurs from 
lack欠乏 of oxygen酸素 in the brain脳. consciousness意識 state状態
awake目覚めた  faint失神する
brief短い loss喪失
lack欠乏  oxygen酸素
brain脳 (705)
intense  very great or extreme極端な in degree程度
While exercise運動 is vital不可欠な to health, *intense激しい overtraining can 
cause起こす more harm害 than good. intense激しい
extreme極端な degree程度
exercise運動  vital不可欠な
cause起こす harm害 (706)
diagnose to identify特定する the nature性質 of a physical身体的な or 
mental精神的な problem by examining調べる the symptoms症状 Doctors often use multiple複数の tests 
to *diagnose診断する ［breast cancer］乳がん. diagnose診断する
identify特定する  nature性質
physical身体的な mental精神的な
examine調べる  symptoms症状
multiple複数の breast cancer乳がん (707)
deprive to take something away from someone  Spending too much time surfing the Internet 
can *deprive奪う many students of sleep. deprive奪う (708)
hospitality friendly and welcoming 
behavior振る舞い to guests and visitors  As I mentioned言及した in my previous以前の 
lecture講義, *hospitality おもてなしis the essence本質 of Japanese tea culture. hospitality おもてなし
behavior振る舞い mention言及する
previous以前の  lecture講義
essence本質 (709)
coincidence  a situation in which separate別々の things 
happen at the same time without any planning By *coincidence偶然, I was present存在する on   occasions when it was raining and 
so gained得た a “rainy reputation評判.” coincidence偶然
separate別々の  present存在する
reputation評判 (710)
remote  far from cities where people live The condition of education in *remote人里離れた 
and isolated孤立した area has been unfavorable不利な. remote人里離れた
isolated孤立した  unfavorable不利な (711)
relieve  to reduce軽減する or remove除去する an 
unpleasant不快な feeling or pain Regular定期的な exercise運動 is one of the 
best and quickest ways to *relieve緩和する   tension緊張 and to increase your 
body’s resistance抵抗力 to stress. relieve緩和する  reduce軽減する
unpleasant不快な regular定期的な
exercise運動  tension緊張
resistance抵抗力 (712)
tolerate  to allow許す someone to do 
something that you do not like We hope that all businesses now 
understand that women will ［no   longer］もはや…でない *tolerate許容する sexual harassment. tolerate許容する  allow許す
no longerもはや…でない (713)
breakthrough  an important development開発 that 
may leadつながる to an achievement成果 Researchers研究者 have made a *breakthrough大躍進 in the 
war on ［antibiotic-resistant］抗生物質耐性の superbugs. breakthrough大躍進  researcher研究者
development開発 leadつながる
achievement成果 (714)
funeral a ceremony儀式 that is held after someone dies
*Funerals葬式 are an important tool for helping people ［cope with］対処する the 
grief悲しみ of losing someone. funeral葬式
ceremony儀式 cope with 対処する
grief悲しみ (715)
pregnant having a child developing in the body
Generally一般的に, the best position to sleep when you’re *pregnant妊娠した is on 
your side with your knees膝 bent曲げた. pregnant妊娠した
generally一般的に knee膝
bend曲げる (716)
prevail to be successful成功した ［in the end］最後に
I am confident確信している that in the end   freedom and democracy民主主義 will *prevail 
打ち勝つover terror恐怖政治 and tyranny専制政治. prevail 打ち勝つ
in the end  confident確信している
democracy民主主義 terror恐怖政治
tyranny専制政治 (717)
transmit to send something from one place to another  It is economically経済的に good to *transmit送る 
［electrical power］電力 in a very high voltage. transmit送る  economically経済的に
electrical power 電力 (718)
disorder  a problem that affects影響する your mind or body
Many people suffer苦しむ from sleeplessness不眠 ［as a result of］…の結果として physical身体的な, or more 
commonly一般的に, psychological心理的な *disorder不調. disorder不調
affect影響する  suffer苦しむ
sleeplessness不眠 as a result of …の結果として
physical身体的な  commonly一般的に
psychological心理的な (719)
solitude  the state状態 of being alone, 
especially when this is pleasant楽しい Collaboration協働 is key to creativity創造性,   but exceptional並外れた creativity 
often flourishes開花する in *solitude孤独. solitude孤独
state状態  pleasant楽しい
collaboration協働 state状態  pleasant楽しい
creativity創造性 exceptional並外れた
flourish開花する (720)
compassionate feeling or showing sympathy同情 and concern気遣い for   people who are suffering苦しんでいる
A *compassionate同情的な attitude態度 can greatly reduce軽減する the distress苦痛 
people feel in difficult situations. compassionate同情的な  sympathy同情
concern気遣い suffer苦しむ
attitude態度  reduce軽減する
distress苦痛 (721)
major  to study something as your main subject I am *majoring専攻する in 
ecology生態学 at the university. major専攻する
ecology生態学 (722)
inhabit  to live in a particular place Currently現在, over 3.5 billion 
people *inhabit居住する urban都市の areas. inhabit居住する
currently現在  urban都市の (723)
congestion  the state状態 of being extremely 
crowded混雑した with traffic or people What is the best way to spend time while 
stuck動けない in traffic *congestion渋滞? congestion渋滞
state状態  crowded混雑した
stuck動けない (724)
emission  the act行為 of sending送り出す something such 
as gas or heat out into the atmosphere大気 To address取り組む ［climate change］気候変動, we need 
to reduce削減する greenhouse gas *emissions排出. emission排出  atmosphere大気
address取り組む climate change 気候変動
reduce削減する (725)
mandatory required要求された by a rule or a law法律
It is *mandatory義務的な for factory   workers to wear protective防護の clothing 
when handling扱う these chemicals化学物質. mandatory義務的な
require要求する  law法律
protective防護の handle扱う
chemical化学物質 (726)
exaggerate to make something seem larger, better, 
or more serious深刻な than it really is Does the media *exaggerate誇張する cases of 
racial人種的な bias偏見 and discrimination差別? exaggerate誇張する
serious深刻な  racial人種的な
bias偏見 discrimination差別 (727)
refrain to stop yourself from doing 
something that you want to do  Unless~でなければ people *refrain控える from 
activities that pollute汚染する the environment環境, ［global warming］地球温暖化 could poseもたらす 
a threat脅威 to life on the earth. refrain控える unless ～でなければ
pollute汚染する  environment環境
global warming 地球温暖化 poseもたらす
threat脅威 (728)
harvest the quality質 or amount量 of 
crops作物 that are gathered  Because of the poor *harvest収穫, wheat小麦 
prices have gone up in the last six months. harvest収穫
quality質  amount量
crop作物 (729)
publicity  the attention注目 that is given to 
someone or something by newspapers, magazines, television, etc.  She received a lot of *publicity知名度 
after her performance演技 in the film. publicity知名度
attention注目  performance演技 (730)
sensible  able to make good judgements判断 ［based 
on］…に基づいて reasons理性 rather than emotions感情 It would have been more *sensible分別ある to 
save貯金する money than to spend it all on clothes. sensible分別ある
judgements判断  based on …に基づいて
reason理性 save貯金する  (731)
explode to burst破裂する loudly with a lot of 
force, often causing damage or injury A bomb爆弾 has *exploded爆発した outside 
the Greek parliament in Athens. explode爆発する
burst破裂する  bomb爆弾 (732)
enhance  to improve改善する something
The need to ensure確保する and *enhance高める employee従業員 productivity生産性 
is a reality現実 no business can ignore無視する. enhance高める
improve改善する  ensure確保する
employee従業員 productivity生産性  reality現実
ignore無視する (733)
tribe  a group of people of the same race人種, 
and with the same language言語, customs習慣, and beliefs信念, especially in 
a ［developing country］発展途上国  How does deforestation森林破壊 affect indigenous先住の 
*tribes部族 in the Amazon rainforest熱帯雨林? tribe部族
race人種  language言語 custom習慣
belief信念  developing country発展途上国
deforestation森林破壊 indigenous先住の
rainforest熱帯雨林 (734)
compensation money received from someone who is 
responsible責任がある for doing something harmful有害な If the train you are travelling on is delayed遅れた, 
you are entitled権利を与えられる to *compensation補償. compensation補償
responsible責任がある  harmful有害な
delay遅らせる entitle権利を与える (735)
abundant existing存在する or available入手可能な 
in large quantities量  Japan used to be famous for its *abundant豊富な 
supplies供給 of clean, ［fresh water］真水. abundant豊富な
exist存在する  available入手可能な supply供給
fresh water真水 (736)
anticipate to expect that something will happen
*Anticipating予測する the demand需要 for   the products製品 and services that your 
business offers involves伴う many factors要因. anticipate予測する  demand需要
product製品 involve伴う
factor要因 (737)
assert to state述べる that something is certainly確かに true
Freud *asserted断言した that laughter releases発散する tension緊張 and liberates解消する 
mental frustration欲求不満. assert断言する
state述べる certainly確かに
release発散する  liberate解消する
frustration欲求不満 (738)
opposition  actions行動 or opinions意見 that show your strong 
disagreement不同意 with a plan or policy政策 *Opposition反対 to United States involvement関与 in   the Vietnam War began with 
demonstrationsデモ in 1964. opposition反対
action行動  opinion意見
disagreement不同意 policy政策  involvement関与
demonstrationsデモ (739)
hypothesis  an idea which attempts試みる to 
explain説明する something but has yet to be proved証明された to be correct正しい
Conducting行う an experiment実験 without   a *hypothesis仮説 is like starting a road 
trip just ［for the sake of］…のために driving. hypothesis仮説
attempt試みる  explain説明する
prove証明する correct正しい
conduct行う  experiment実験
for the sake of …のために (740)
competent  capableできる of doing something in an 
efficient効率的な or effective効果的な way Candidates候補者 whose faces look *competent有能な 
enjoy an electoral選挙で advantage有利. competent有能な
capableできる  efficient効率的な
effective効果的な candidate候補者
advantage有利 (741)
amount to have a particular total
The ［travel agency］旅行代理店   said our trip expenses費用 would 
probably *amount達する to 80,000 yen. amount達する  travel agency旅行代理店
expense費用 (742)
disturb  to do something that makes 
someone stop what they are doing She was the last to board搭乗する, carrying a 
huge巨大な stuffed animal―it *disturbed邪魔した   passengers乗客 on both sides of the aisle通路. disturb邪魔する
board搭乗する  huge巨大な
passenger乗客 aisle通路 (743)
poison a substance物質 that causes起こす death or 
harm危害 if you eat, drink, or breathe it All drugs薬物 become *poisons毒 in large amounts量,   and many *poisons are useful drugs 
in carefully controlled管理された amounts. poison毒
substance物質  cause起こす
harm危害 drug薬物
amount量  control管理する (744)
guideline  a general一般的な instruction指示 that 
shows how something should be done This brochureパンフレット provides提供する *guidelines指針 for   consumers消費者 who want to cut 
the salt塩分 in their diets. guideline指針
general一般的な  instruction指示
consumer消費者 (745)
considerate  paying attention注意 to the 
feelings and needs of other people It is so *considerate思いやりのある of him to come and 
see his grandmother in the hospital every day. considerate思いやりのある
attention注意 (746)
resist to not be harmed害される or affected影響される by something
By counting数える the ［white blood cells］白血球, we can estimate推定する the degree程度 to 
which the body can *resist抵抗する disease. resist抵抗する
harm害する  affect影響する
count数える white blood cell白血球  estimate推定する
degree程度 (747)
envision  to imagine something that 
might happen in the future To stay motivated動機づけられた to save貯金する, 
*envision思い描く yourself in 20 or 30 years. envision思い描く
motivate動機づける  save貯金する (748)
superstition  a belief信念 that particular events or 
things will bring good or bad luck運 Black cats feature登場する in the *superstitions迷信 of   many countries — but whether they 
mean good luck or bad varies異なる. superstition迷信  belief信念
luck運 feature登場する
vary異なる (749)
scenery a view眺め of natural features特徴 
that is attractive魅力的な to look at  Using the beautiful *scenery景色 of 
our town in more creative創造的な ways would encourage促す people to come and live here. scenery景色
view眺め feature特徴
attractive魅力的な  creative創造的な
encourage促す (750)
magnificent  very good, beautiful, or impressive感動的な The mountains of North Carolina 
boast誇る *magnificent壮麗な views眺め. magnificent壮麗な
impressive感動的な boast誇る
view眺め (751)
summarize to describe説明する briefly簡潔に the most 
important facts or features特徴 of something Is *summarizing要約する books 
a copyright著作権 violation?侵害 summarize要約する
describe説明する briefly簡潔に
feature特徴  copyright著作権
violation侵害 (752)
dominate  to be the most powerful or 
important part of something Occupations職業 in which women workers *dominate支配する   tend傾向がある to rank lower ［in 
terms of］…の点で earnings稼ぎ. dominate支配する
occupation職業  tend傾向がある in terms of …の点で
earning稼ぎ (753)
characteristic the qualities資質 that make someone 
or something different from others  It has long been thought that 
one of the *characteristics特徴 which separate区別する humans from other 
animals is the ability to reason推論する. characteristic特徴
quality資質  separate区別する
reason推論する (754)
transition  the process過程 of changing 
from one state状態 to another The *transition移行 to an ［industrial 
society］産業社会 started in the 18th century,   largely driven by advances進歩 
in science and technology. transition移行  process過程
state状態 industrial society 産業社会
advance進歩 (755)
ridiculous silly or unreasonable不合理な
He says he was taken by aliens宇宙人, but no one believes such a *ridiculous馬鹿げた story. ridiculous馬鹿げた unreasonable不合理な
aliens宇宙人 (756)
divorce to officially正式に end your 
marriage with your spouse配偶者  What separates分ける the couples who choose to stay 
married from those who choose to *divorce離婚する? divorce離婚する
officially正式に  spouse配偶者
separate分ける (757)
excuse  to forgive許す someone for doing something wrong, 
especially something that is not very serious深刻な Some have argued主張した that lying嘘をつくこと can never 
be *excused許される under any circumstances状況. excuse許す
forgive許す  serious深刻な
argue主張する lie嘘をつく
circumstance状況 (758)
hemisphere one half of the globe地球 or brain脳
People in mild climates気候 in the   northern *hemisphere半球 sometimes experience 
periods時期 of very hot and humid湿度の高い weather. hemisphere半球
globe地球  brain脳
climate気候 period時期
humid湿度の高い (759)
applause the sound made by many people hitting their 
hands to show their approval承認 or enjoyment It was such an excellent素晴らしい 
movie that the director監督 received   thunderous雷鳴のような *applause喝采 from the audience観衆. applause喝采
approval承認  excellent素晴らしい director監督
audience観衆 (760)
stubborn ［not willing to］…したくない change your ideas  When your elderly parents need help but become 
*stubborn頑固な, it can be a difficult situation. stubborn頑固な
not willing to …したくない (761)
embarrass  to make someone feel awkward気まずい or 
ashamed恥ずかしい in a social situation I was *embarrassed困惑させられた when 
my joke was taken as an insult侮辱. embarrass困惑させる
awkward気まずい ashamed恥ずかしい
insult侮辱 (762)
betray to do something that hurts傷つける and 
disappoints失望させる someone who trusts信頼する you  The English writer said that if he had to 
*betray裏切る either his country or a friend, he hoped he would betray the former前者. betray裏切る
hurt傷つける disappoint失望させる  trust信頼する
former前者 (763)
critic  a person who expresses表現する opinions 
about things such as books, music, etc. professionally職業的に
The orchestra’s awesome素晴らしい   performance演奏 was received favorably好意的に 
by *critics批評家 and audience聴衆 alike一様に. critic批評家
express表現する  professionally職業的に
awesome素晴らしい performance演奏
favorably好意的に  audience聴衆
alike一様に (764)
currency  the money used in a particular country The US dollar is the most widely広く used 
*currency通貨 in the world, with many countries employing採用する it as an accepted受け入れられた 
alternative代替 to their own *currency. currency通貨
widely広く employ採用する
alternative代替 (765)
rational ［based on］…に基づく logic論理 or 
reason理性 rather than on emotion感情  Even smart, educated, emotionally感情的に stable安定した adults believe superstitions迷信 that they 
recognize認識する are not *rational合理的な. rational合理的な  based on …に基づく
logic論理 reason理性
emotion感情  emotionally感情的に
stable安定した superstition迷信
recognize認識する (766)
transfer to move someone or something 
from one place to another  Why are employees従業員 *transferred異動させられる 
from one branch支店 to another? transfer異動させられる  employee従業員
branch支店 (767)
settle  to ［put an end to］…を終わらせる an 
argument口論 by making an agreement合意 Arguments口論 are commonよくある in 
all types of relationships関係,   but sometimes they can be hard to *settle解決する. settle解決する
put an end to …を終わらせる  argument口論
agreement合意 commonよくある
relationship関係 (768)
tragedy an extremely sad event or situation 
that causes people to suffer苦しむ or die The United Nations国連 was ［set up］設立された after 
World War II to prevent防ぐ future *tragedies悲劇. tragedy悲劇
suffer苦しむ  United Nations国連
set up 設立する (769)
inhabitant  the people or animals that 
live in a particular place Antarctica南極 is the only continent大陸 on Earth 
without native先住の human *inhabitants居住者. inhabitant居住者
Antarctica南極  continent大陸
native先住の (770)
credible  able to be believed or trusted
*Credible信頼できる websites are the one that are updated更新される regularly定期的に 
and do not have any false誤った information. credible信頼できる
update更新する  regularly定期的に
false誤った (771)
eliminate  to ［get rid of］…を取り除く something
Emotional感情的な and physical肉体的な hunger are both signals of emptiness which 
you try to *eliminate除去する with food. eliminate除去する
get rid of …を取り除く  emotional感情的な
physical肉体的な (772)
evaluate  to form形成する an opinion about someone or 
something after thinking about them carefully It is necessary必要な that teachers *evaluate評価する 
a student’s ability from multiple複数の aspects側面. evaluate評価する
form形成する  multiple複数の
aspect側面 (773)
priority  the most important thing that 
you have to ［deal with］対処する People with serious深刻な   illness have other *priorities優先事項 besides 
…以外に simply prolonging延ばす their lives. priority優先事項  deal with 対処する
serious深刻な besides …以外に
prolong延ばす (774)
virtue a morally道徳的に good way of behaving  God will certainly必ず reward報いる 
*virtue美徳 and punish罰する vice悪徳. virtue美徳
morally道徳的に  certainly必ず
reward報いる punish罰する
vice悪徳 (775)
imaginative able to think of new and exciting ideas  Our coach is *imaginative想像力豊かな and 
often ［comes up with］思いつく new plans. imaginative想像力豊かな
come up with 思いつく (776)
modify  to change something slightly少し 
in order to improve改善する it Genetically遺伝子的に *modified修正された food (or GM 
food) is food produced生産された from plants or   animals whose DNA has been altered変更された 
through ［genetic engineering］遺伝子工学. modify修正する
slightly少し  improve改善する
genetically遺伝子的に produce生産する
alter変更する  genetic engineering 遺伝子工学 (777)
surrender  to admit認める that you have been 
defeated敗北した and will stop fighting The robber強盗 finally *surrendered降服した 
and released解放した his hostage人質. surrender降服する
admit認める defeat敗北させる
robber強盗  release解放する
hostage人質 (778)
ritual  a religious宗教の service or other ceremony 
that is always performed行われる in the same way Shinto festivals generally一般的に combine組み合わせる 
solemn厳粛な *rituals儀式 with joyful celebration祝祭. ritual儀式
religious宗教の  perform行なう
generally一般的に combine組み合わせる
solemn厳粛な (779)
prospect the possibility可能性 that something will happen
No matter how security防犯 conscious意識が高い you are, the *prospect見込み of thieves泥棒 ［breaking into］押し入る 
your home is always a worrying心配な possibility. prospect見込み
possibility可能性  security防犯
conscious意識が高い thief泥棒  break into押し入る
worrying心配な (780)
tolerable  unpleasant不快な but able to be accepted許容できる
The room is spacious広々とした and comfortable快適な, though the air-conditioning is a 
bit noisy but is *tolerable耐えられる. tolerable耐えられる
unpleasant不快な spacious広々とした
comfortable快適な (781)
coordinate to move different parts of your 
body so that they work well together  Even a simple task like getting dressed 
requires必要とする *coordinated協調された muscle筋肉 activity. coordinate協調させる
require必要とする  muscle筋肉 (782)
inherit  to receive money or property財産 
from someone who has died I heard that Tom has *inherited相続した 
a fortune財産 from his late亡くなった uncle. inherit相続する
property財産 fortune財産
late亡くなった (783)
theme the main subject of something such as a 
piece of writing, a talk, or a discussion議論 Having read several magazine 
articles記事 on the *themeテーマ,   I was able to understand the 
presentation発表 perfectly完璧に. themeテーマ  discussion議論
article記事 presentation発表
perfectly完璧に (784)
landscape all the visible目に見える features特徴 when you 
［look across］見渡す a large area of land New York City’s skyscrapers高層ビル have defined定義した 
the urban都市の *landscape景観 for decades数十年. landscape景観
visible目に見える  feature特徴 look across見渡す
define定義する  urban都市の
decade十年間 (785)
offensive  likely to make people upset怒った or embarrassed困惑した 
because it is rude無礼な or insulting侮辱的な Without a ［dress code］服装規定 
students could wear clothing   that is *offensive不快な, inappropriate不適切な, 
distracting気を散らす, or threatening脅迫的な. offensive不快な
upset怒った  embarrass困惑させる rude無礼な
insult侮辱する  dress code 服装規定
inappropriate不適切な distract気を散らす
threaten脅かす (786)
abolish to officially正式に ［put an end to］…を終わらせる 
something such as a system制度 or practice慣習 Zoos are an unsuitable不適切な 
environment for wild animals   and should, thereforeそれゆえ, be *abolished廃止される. abolish廃止する
officially正式に  put an end to …を終わらせる
system制度 practice慣習  unsuitable不適切な
thereforeそれゆえ (787)
convey  to make information情報 or 
feelings感情 known to someone Books are one of the best systems 
that humans have ever developed開発した   for storing保存する and *conveying伝える information. convey伝える
information情報  develop開発する
store保存する (788)
proficiency  the ability or skill to do something well
Forming形成する a reading habit習慣 in childhood is said to ［be associated with］…と結びついた 
later reading *proficiency習熟. proficiency習熟
habit習慣 associate結びつける (789)
proportion a quantity量 of something 
that is a part of the whole全体  The *proportion割合 of Americans who 
do not tipチップを置く in restaurants is estimated推定される to be less than 2 percent. proportion割合 quantity量
estimate推定する (790)
prominent important and very noticeable目立った
Two *prominent主要な sources源   of ［noise pollution］騒音公害 are 
construction建設 and transportation輸送. prominent主要な
noticeable目立った  source源
noise pollution騒音公害 construction建設
transportation輸送 (791)
discourage to cause someone to lose 
enthusiasm熱意 to do something  Further increase増加 in the price of gasoline would 
*discourage思いとどまらせる him from driving his car. discourage思いとどまらせる  enthusiasm熱意
increase増加 (792)
qualify  to pass the examinations試験 that are 
required必要とされる to do a particular profession職業 I am studying hard to *qualify資格を得る as 
a ［certified public accountant］公認会計士. qualify資格を得る
examination試験  require必要とする
profession職業 (793)
quarrel  an angry argument言い争い or disagreement意見の不一致 
between two or more people Reconciling和解する after a 
*quarrel口論 is not always easy. quarrel口論
argument言い争い disagreement意見の不一致
reconcile和解する (794)
fatigue a feeling of being very tired  Muscle筋肉 *fatigue疲労 is a normal通常の 
［side effect］副作用 of exercise運動. fatigue疲労  muscle筋肉
normal通常の side effect副作用
exercise運動 (795)
mature behaving in a sensible分別ある and reasonable合理的な way  I believe we’re *mature成熟した enough 
to use a computer appropriately適切に. mature成熟した
sensible分別ある  reasonable合理的な
appropriately適切に (796)
recall I could not *recall思い出す meeting him ［in person］直接. recall思い出す
in person直接 (797)
facilitate  to make an action行動 or a process過程 
easier or more likely to happen The role役割 of the interpreter通訳者 
is to *facilitate容易にする accurate正確な   communication意思疎通 between people 
who use different languages言語. facilitate容易にする
action行動  process過程
role役割 interpreter通訳者
accurate正確な  communication意思疎通
language言語 (798)
angle  a position位置 from which you look at something
Whether it’s a ［still shot］静止画 or a movie動画, camera *angles角度 influence影響する the 
look, feel and mood of that story. angle角度
influence影響する (799)
irony a situation that is strange奇妙な, funny, 
or sad because things happen in the opposite反対の way to what you would expect
The White House Press Secretary described描写した the phenomenon現象 of people buying guns after 
［shooting attacks］銃撃事件 as a “tragic悲劇的な *irony皮肉.” irony皮肉
strange奇妙な  opposite反対の
describe描写する phenomenon現象
tragic悲劇的な (800)
relevant important or necessary必要な to a 
particular situation or person Students must be able to select選択する *relevant関連のある 
information from a lecture講義 or text. relevant関連のある  select選択する
lecture講義 (801)
wander  to walk around歩き回る slowly, usually 
without a clear purpose目的 or direction方向 My favorite pastime娯楽 is 
*wandering歩き回る in the woods. wander歩き回る
direction方向 pastime娯楽 (802)
spot to notice気づく someone or something  I *spotted見つけた a familiar見覚えのある 
face in the crowd群衆 at the concert. spot見つける
notice気づく  familiar見覚えのある
crowd群衆 (803)
recruit  to find and hire new people to work for 
a company会社 or join an organization組織 The company decided to *recruit募集する 
employees従業員 from diverse多様な backgrounds経歴. recruit募集する
company会社  organization組織
employee従業員 diverse多様な
background経歴 (804)
infer to form形成する an opinion or conclusion結論 ［based 
on］…に基づいて available入手可能な information or evidence証拠 The scientist *inferred推論した the results 
based on multiple複数の experiments実験. infer推論する
form形成する  conclusion結論
based on …に基づいて available入手可能な
evidence証拠  multiple複数の
experiment実験 (805)
clue  an object物 or piece of information that 
helps solve解決する a problem or mystery謎 The *clue手がかり of the mystery was 
buried埋められた beneath …の下に the old tree. clue手がかり
object物 solve解決する
mystery謎  burry埋める
beneath …の下に (806)
perception  the way you interpret解釈する or 
understand someone or something Our *perception認識 of time 
greatly changes as we age. perception認識
interpret解釈する (807)
commitment  a firm固い decision決意 or 
dedication献身 to doing something *Commitment熱意 to learning can 
open doors to new opportunities. commitment熱意
firm固い decision決意
dedication献身 (808)
trait a particular quality資質 that 
someone or something has  Ambition野心 is a *trait特性 that drives駆り立てる 
many successful entrepreneurs起業家. trait特性
quality資質  ambition野心
drive駆り立てる entrepreneur起業家 (809)
literacy the ability to read and write
Illiteracy非識字 limits制限する job opportunities, whereas *literacy識字能力 creates new possibilities. literacy識字能力
illiteracy非識字 limit制限する (810)
notion an idea, belief信念, or concept about something  The *notion概念 of zero is fundamental基本的な 
to mathematics数学 and everyday life. notion概念
belief信念  fundamental基本的な
mathematics数学 (811)
property  a quality資質 or characteristic特徴 
that belongs to someone or something Water molecules分子 have many unique *properties特性. property特性
quality資質 characteristic特徴
molecule分子 (812)
oblige to force強いる someone to do something  All citizens国民 are *obliged義務づけられる 
to pay tax税金 to the government政府. oblige義務づける
force強いる  citizen国民
tax税金 government政府 (813)
enclose to put something inside an 
envelope封筒 along with something else  I have *enclosed同封した my 
resume履歴書 for your reference参照. enclose同封する
envelope封筒  resume履歴書
reference参照 (814)
interfere  to become involved関与する in a situation where your 
involvement関与 is unwanted望まれない or unnecessary不要な *Interfering干渉する in someone’s 
personal life can lead to problems. interfere干渉する
involvement関与 (815)
dissolve  to be absorbed吸収される into a 
liquid液体 and become part of it You can *dissolve溶かす the compound化合物 
into the solution溶液 using heat. dissolve溶かす
absorb吸収する compound化合物
solution溶液 (816)
manufacture to produce goods商品 in large 
quantities量, usually in a factory工場 Our company is ready to *manufacture製造する 
products ［on demand］需要に応じて. manufacture製造する goods商品
quantity量  factory工場
on demand 需要に応じて (817)
valid  legally法的に or officially公式に acceptable受け入れられる You need a *valid有効な passport 
to apply申請する for a visa. valid有効な
legally法的に officially公式に
acceptable受け入れられる  apply申請する (818)
unfounded  not ［based on］…に基づく facts or evidence証拠 The complaints苦情 about the product製品 
were *unfounded根拠のない and misleading誤解を招く. unfounded根拠のない based on …に基づく
evidence証拠  complaint苦情
misleading誤解を招く (819)
passive  not ［taking action］行動を起こす, but allowing 
others to be in control or to make decisions決定 His *passive消極的な attitude態度 at meetings 
frustratedいらだたせた the entire team. passive消極的な
take action 行動を起こす  attitude態度
frustrateいらだたせる (820)
spontaneous  happening in a natural way 
without any arrangement準備 *Spontaneous自発的な applause拍手   eruptedわき起こった after the ［keynote 
speaker’s］基調講演者の inspiring鼓舞する speech. spontaneous自発的な
arrangement準備  applause拍手
eruptわき起こる inspiring鼓舞する

当動画は電子書籍:共通テスト英語・英英超速楽習単熟語(https://x.gd/7xqf3) ５９５１頁５００円に収録された８２０のキーワードと英英定義と例文を読み上げる補助教材で、８２０語の英英定義と例文を聴いただけで訳語を全部正解できるようになった受験生は、共通テスト英語過去問で８割以上得点できています。答と和訳はKindle Unlimited読み放題30日間無料体験で 共通テスト英語超速楽習単熟語をご覧下さい。

　字幕を表示すると大幅に難度が下がります。
(1)accept
to agree同意する to do something that someone asks頼む you to do

単語と英英定義が読み上げられる数秒間に見出し語acceptの意味を考えて下さい。

次に読み上げられる例文の字幕↓に答が示されます。
In *accepting受け入れる a formal正式な invitation招待 it is important to respond応答する appropriately適切に.

重要語彙を再び読み上げてしっかり確認します。以下が字幕です。

accept受け入れる
ask頼む
formal正式な
invitation招待
respond応答する
appropriately適切に

　全部で５時間少々かかるとはいえ、一日１５分４０語程度取り組むのは難しくないと思います。
第一日目１～４０
第二日目１１～５０
第三日目２１～６０
といったように完全に新しい部分に取り組むのではなく、少しずつずらして反復するのがおすすめです。
　以下にお示しする電子書籍:共通テスト英語・英英超速楽習単熟語(https://x.gd/7xqf3) 基礎編はさらに難度が下がって、英検３級合格レベルから取り組めます。何度も解くことによって８２０語の英英定義と例文を聴いただけで訳語を全部正解できるようになります。

基礎編８２０語

(1)accept【æksépt】(提供する・展示する・想像する・受け入れる)
to agree同意する to do something that someone asks頼む you to do
Ex: In *accepting a formal正式な invitation招待, it is important to respond応答する appropriately適切に.

(解答)accept【æksépt】(受け入れる)
to agree同意する to do something that someone asks you to do
誰かが頼んだことをすることに同意すること
Ex: In accepting a formal正式な invitation招待, it is important to respond応答する appropriately適切に.
例: 正式な招待に応じるにあたって、適切に応答することが重要だ。

電子書籍:共通テスト英語・英英超速楽習単熟語(https://x.gd/7xqf3)
標準編８２０語は以下のように語注がなくなります。
(1)accept【æksépt】(提供する・展示する・想像する・受け入れる)
to agree to do something that someone asks you to do
Ex: In *accepting a formal invitation, it is important to respond appropriately.

(解答)accept【æksépt】(受け入れる)
to agree同意する to do something that someone asks you to do
誰かが頼んだことをすることに同意すること
Ex: In accepting a formal正式な invitation招待, it is important to respond応答する appropriately適切に.
例: 正式な招待に応じるにあたって、適切に応答することが重要だ。

電子書籍:共通テスト英語・英英超速楽習単熟語(https://x.gd/7xqf3)
実戦編８２０語は英英定義と例文のみをヒントに見出し語の意味を考えます。
(1)accept【æksépt】
to agree to do something that someone asks you to do
Ex: In *accepting a formal invitation, it is important to respond appropriately.

(解答)accept【æksépt】(受け入れる)
to agree同意する to do something that someone asks you to do
誰かが頼んだことをすることに同意すること
Ex: In accepting a formal正式な invitation招待, it is important to respond応答する appropriately適切に.
例: 正式な招待に応じるにあたって、適切に応答することが重要だ。

電子書籍:共通テスト英語・英英超速楽習単熟語(https://x.gd/7xqf3)
は以下のような英英定義選択問題と英英挟み撃ち問題も収録していて、すらすら解けるようになれば８２０語の英英定義と例文を聴いただけで訳語を全部正解するのは難しくありません。
(1)
①accept【æksépt】(Ex:In *accepting a *formal *invitation, it is important to *respond *appropriately.)(001)
②provide【prəváid】(Ex:Our *company *provides our *customers with clothing at *reasonable prices.)(002)
③display【displéi】(Ex:He is an artist whose paintings are *displayed in a *museum in Paris. )(003)
④imagine【imǽdʒin】(Ex:In an *increasingly *connected world, many people can’t *imagine life without the Internet.)(004)
(A)to *form a picture of something in your mind
(B)to give something to someone or make it *available to them
(C)to put something in a *particular place where people can see it easily
(D)to agree to do something that someone asks you to do

解答(1)DBCA

(001)In acc——- a formal invitation, it is important to respond appropriately.
【to agree to do something that someone asks you to do】

(002)Our company pro——- our customers with clothing at reasonable prices.
【to give something to someone or make it available to them】

(003)He is an artist whose paintings are dis——- in a museum in Paris.
【to put something in a particular place where people can see it easily】

(004)In an increasingly connected world, many people can’t ima——- life without the Internet.
【to form a picture of something in your mind】

解答(001)accepting (002)provide (003)displayed (004)imagine

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